ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181952

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Acute, reversible renal failure affecting primarily medullary structures, was produced by feeding rats a diet containing 5% oxonic acid and 2.5% uric acid for 7 days. Inulin clearance and selected tubular transport processes were studied and compared to controls. At the time of maximal renal injury, inulin clearance was reduced to 40% of control values, in association with a 60% reduction in urine concentrating ability, a 50% reduction in potassium excretion and a 56% reduction in ammonium excretion. During a 7-day recovery period, inulin clearance increased to 70% of control and potassium excretion returned to normal while the other tubular transport functions remained impaired. Thus, in acute renal failure, tubular functional impairments may recover at different rates.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181953

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of renal function on human renal fluoride (F-) excretion and serum F- concentrations were studied in subjects with normal renal function, in patients with variable degrees of renal insufficiency and in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis treatment. The mechanisms of human renal F- excretion include glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. Patients suffering from chronic renal disease tend to continue to excrete normal dietary loads of F- until the creatinine clearance decreases below 25 ml/min. In chronic renal failure elevation of the serum fluoride concentration is delayed and less than might be expected from impairment of the glomerular filtration rate, because tubular reabsorption diminishes presumably due to expansion of the extracellular fluid compartiment.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181954

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Previous studies in our laboratory support the notion that an increase in the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) by the kidney may play a role in the natriuresis of extracellular fluid volume expansion (ECVE). The present study was designed to evaluate whether a suppression in the rise in nephrogenous cAMP is involved in the blunted natriuretic response to ECVE during acute caval constriction. ECVE was produced by saline infusion in 8 thyropara-thyroidectomized dogs during acute constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava and after its release. Arterial pressure decreased during caval constriction and ECVE and returned to values not different from control after the release of the constriction. There were no significant changes in renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), fraction of filtered sodium excreted, or nephrogenous cAMP during the caval constriction. The release of the constriction in 4 dogs was followed by no significant changes in renal plasma flow and GFR, while the fraction of filtered sodium excreted increased significantly together with a significant rise in total nephrogenous cAMP by 1,682 ± 409 pmol/min (p < 0.05). The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the blunted natriuresis during ECVE in caval dogs is at least partly due to lack of increment in nephrogenous cAMP. The results provide further support for the role of renal cAMP in modulating renal handling of sodium

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181955

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study was made of two renal biopsy specimens obtained from a 22-year-old woman with Bartter’s syndrome, the first to substantiate the diagnosis, the second 2 years later after the treatment with spironolactone. The first renal biopsy revealed remarkable hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. The numerous proliferating cells were characterized by abundant lysosomal granules and dilated endoplasmic reticulum. The macula densa revealed slight proliferation, with narrow intercellular space. The ultrastructural picture of the second biopsy specimen showed increased lipofuscin-like granules in the juxtaglomerular cells, with epitheloid cells of the macula densa showing degeneration and irregular dilatation of the intercellular spaces. However, the light microscopic finding was compatible with that of the first. These findings suggest that the treatment was inadequate although clinical features or biochemical laboratory data were improve

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181956

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serum reverse triiodothyronine (reverse T3), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in end-stage chronic renal failure, hypothyroidism and control subjects. In advanced chronic renal failure serum reverse T3 was normal or elevated and serum T3 concentrations were frequently, and serum T4 occasionally, lowered. Serum TSH was normal even where serum T3 and T4 concentrations were low. Normal or elevated serum reverse T3 associated with normal serum TSH in chronic renal failure clearly differentiates this disease from primary hypothyroidism in which low serum reverse T3 and high serum TSH are constantly found.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181957

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A highly sensitive thin layer chromatographic assay was used to establish distinct anomalies in hepatic and renal prophyrin synthesis associated with chronic renal failure. Urinary and plasma coproporphyrin disappeared but plasma uroporphyrin (isomer III) levels rose. Patients on maintenance hemodialysis showed elevated red cell protoporphyrin and decreased total stool porphyrins whilst the raised plasma uroporphyrin did not pass into the dialysate, even in 2 cases of overt symptomatic porphyria. These results indicate that urinary coproporphyrin is of renal and not hepatic origin and that azotemia may reduce the activity of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181958

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the role of blood-dialyzer-membrane interactions in hemodialysis-induced hypoxemia by measuring PaO2 and white blood cell counts during isolated ultrafiltration (UF). These values were compared to those obtained from the same patients during subsequent hemodialysis (HD; utilizing the same dialyzer and membrane). Patients in the UF period displayed no hypoxemia, rather a slight increase in PaO2 (from 82.5 ± 3.0 to 88.5 ± 2.0 mm Hg, mean ± 0.05). In contrast, these patients displayed significant hypoxemia when HD was imposed (88.5 ± 2.0–78.0 ± 1.5 mm Hg, mean ± SE, p < 0.02). We suggest that the hypoxemia characteristic of HD initiation is not solely dependent on blood-dialyzer-membrane interactions, but also requires blood-dialysate inter

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181959

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181960

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181961

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger