ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180587

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present trend toward the use of maintenance dialysis in earlier stages of chronic renal failure, and more frequently in association with other morbid illness, raises the question of how well we understand the natural history and prognosis of chronic renal failure prior to total loss of renal function. Survival after serum creatinine exceeds 10 mg/dl is not necessarily very brief and is influenced by many variables. Morbidity and rehabilitation are poorly defined terms that should be approached as objectively and quantitatively as possible if the benefits of dialysis are to be assessed meaningfully.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180588

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The results of a 1–7 years follow-up of multiple processed and recorded semiquantitative parameters in 148 cases of chronic uremia on regular dialysis treatment (RDT) are reported. Patients were grouped according to different levels of residual creatinine clearance (CCr) at the beginning of treatment (0–5, 5–15, and 15–21 ml/min). Regardless of a possible return to work and reasonable quality of life, patients on RDT with 0–5 ml/min CCr invariably present a worsening in various subclinical parameters semiquantitatively evaluated (bone biopsies; nerve conduction velocity; glucose A-V, etc.). In patients with 5–15 ml/min CCr better results are found. In patients with residual CCr above 15 ml/min, impairment in several parameters is hardly evident and even after several years of dialysis may still remain minimal. These results seem of importance as far as the effective and not the apparent dialysis rehabilitation i

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180589

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180590

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mixed IgM-IgG cryoglobulins were present in the serum of a patient with the nephrotic syndrome, recurrent purpura, chronic active hepatitis and ascites. A renal biopsy demonstrated deposition of IgM, IgG, and complement components C3 and C4 in intracapillary ‘coagula’ and glomerular capillary walls. No glomerular deposition of alternate complement pathway components was noted. Serum levels of C3 and C1q were depressed, and the cryoprecipitate which contained monoclonal χ-type IgM and polyclonal IgG, behaved as an immune complex by in vitro C3 conversion tests. It is suggested that the renal disease resulted from entrapment of circulating cryoglobulin ‘aggregates’ having immunopathologic effects similar to those of immune c

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180591

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Clearance experiments in calcium-stone patients (n=60) and controls (n=60) demonstrated significantly higher urinary uric acid (UA) in younger ( 40 years) patients. Serum UA and urinary oxypurines were comparable in health and stone disease. Conversely urinary phosphate was significantly lower in younger patients than matched controls (males: 224 vs. 304 µg) and presumably is responsible for the more alkaline pH. It is suggested that calcium-stone formation in humans is represented by two different population

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180592

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of acute denervation of the kidney on renal sodium and water excretion, and hemodynamics including intrarenal blood flow, was studied in anesthetized dogs. The intrarenal blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere method. In all experiments denervation natriuresis and diuresis were observed without significant change in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and distribution of intrarenal blood flow. There was, however, an associated increase in potassium excretion. We suggest that denervation natriuresis and diuresis may be caused by the elimination of a direct nervous control of sodium and water reabsorption.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180593

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sorbent regeneration of peritoneal dialysate and use of small volume of dialysate for intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) has been shown to be feasible. The present study compares the solute clearance (C) for urea (U) and creatinine (Cr) at varying flow rates in IPD and in recirculation peritoneal dialysis (RPD) utilizing Redy cartridge in ten dogs. Two silastic peritoneal catheters and one Sarns roller pump were used for RPD. Cu was 12 ± 2 ml/min (mean ± 1SD), 18 ± 2 with IPD and 15 ± 2,21 ± 4 with RPD at flow rate of 66 and 100 ml/min, respectively, while Ccr was 9 ± 2, 12 ± 2 with IPD and 10 ± 2, 13 ± 3 with RPD. At increasing flow rates of 150,200 and 250 ml/min, Cu was 27 ± 3,31 ± 4 and 32 ± 6, and Ccr· was 17 ± 2, 20 ± 3 and 22 ± 3 with RPD. U and Cr were completely removed by the Redy. Glucose was not removed by the cartridge after initial saturation. Serum sodium concentration increased 2–3 mEq/l after 6 h of RPD. The data suggest that at comparable flow rates, RPD is relatively more efficient than IPD (p < 0.01). This may be due to continuous exchange across the peritoneal membrane in RPD. At high flow rate in RPD, solute removal is 2–3 times higher than the currently used IPD. RPD with Redy cartridge is mechanically simple, efficient, and may help reduce total perit

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180594

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A preparation for performance of renal clearances in the conscious dog is described. The important aspect of the technique is the use of a Pavlov sling and a specially designed restraining apparatus. Of most importance is the use of a 7 French Swan-Ganz balloon-tipped catheter for urinary bladder catheterization. The use of male dogs obviated the need for an episiotomy. No special training of the animals was required. The animals tolerated long-term and repeated catheterization without any evidence of infection or trauma.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180595

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new case of acute renal failure after rifampicin is presented, together with a review of the 36 similar cases published up to date in the literature. Evidence is provided that irregularities in drug intake, either as true intermittent treatment or as discontinuation of continuous therapy, play an important role in the pathogenesis of such reactions. Renal failure appeared after a rather long uneventful interval from the beginning of rifampicin therapy, ranging from 1 month to more than 1 year. Its clinical course was favourable in all but one case; the histological picture was mainly of tubulo-interstitial type. The controversial immunological data reported in the literature are reviewed; an increase of histamine release by rat mast cells has been found in presence of rifampicin plus the serum of our patient: the implications of this finding are discussed, suggesting a possible immunological factor in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure after rifampicin.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180596

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger