ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181399

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Creatinine appearance, defined as the sum of daily creatinine excretion in urine (averaged over 5 days) plus accumulation in body water, measured over the same interval, was calculated in 27 patients with severe chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 0.15 liter/kg/day). Creatinine appearance per kg body weight in patients with the lowest clearances decreased to values as low as one third of values predicted from age and sex. The absolute value of measured creatinine accumulation was only 11 ± 2% of creatinine appearance and thus could not account for such deficits in appearance and therefore renal excretion. One explanation for these results is that extrarenal clearance, CM, remains constant, that is, that the quantity of creatinine degraded, M, is proportional to serum creatinine, S: CM = M/S. When the values for extrarenal clearance necessary to account for the measured deficit in creatinine appearance were calculated, they were found to be quite constant: 0.042 ± 0.004 liter/kg/day (SEM, n = 13) in males and 0.041 ± 0.004 liter/kg/day (SEM, n = 14) in females. Renal creatinine clearance in these patients, predicted from age, sex, serum creatinine, and the assumed constant value for extrarenal clearance, corresponded closely to observed clearance (r = 0.93). From these calculations, decreased creatinine appearance (and excretion) of uremic patients may be explained by a constant extrarenal clearance, indicating degradati

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181400

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sweating was induced in 3 uremic patients in an ordinary bathtub for 3 h per day to examine whether clinically significant amounts of urea could be removed. Blood urea concentrations fell in all 3 patients, and 2 of the patients had improvement in uremic syptoms. Clearances of urea by a forearm collection technique in 2 patients were 20.9 ± 3.7 and 11.6 ± 3.9 ml/min. Average sweat volumes were 813 ± 62 and 566 ± 160 ml/h. Sodium concentrations were 52 ± 47 and 76 ± 12 mEq/l This removal of urea, water and salt suggests that sweating could be used to treat uremia in conjunction with charcoal hemoperfusion, in patients awaiting vascular access, or during the interdialytic interval in patients with problems with overhydr

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181401

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

β2-Microglobulin (β2-M) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 63 patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis. Serum levels ranged from 12.5 to 92 µg/ml and were found stable upon sequential measurements over a 6-month period. Excretion of β2-M was achieved through urinary loss (up to 150 mg/day) and to a lesser extend by ultrafiltration across acrylopolynitrile but not cellophane dialysis membranes. Proximal tubular cells being the major site of β2-M catabolism, stable levels in anephric patients indicated a defective production of β2-M in uremic patients. Serum β2-M levels were not correlated with predialysis urea, creatinine, hematocrit or middle molecule material. In vitro experiments do not support a possible toxicity of purified β2-M but do not rule out the contribution of other low molecular weight proteins to uremic t

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181402

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

15 patients who had benign, uncomplicated essential hypertension, were treated with chlorthiazide (500 mg twice a day) with or without propranolol (10–20 mg 4 times a day), and the effect of the treatment on plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone excretion, total body potassium (TBK) and plasma sodium and potassium was evaluated. TBK depletion was significant mathematically (more than 5% of TBK lost) in 7 patients, but not significant physiologically (less than 15% of TBK lost) in any except in one, who may have had other reason for TBK depletion. Although propranolol prevented the increase in PRA and aldosterone excretion, it did not prevent the modest TBK depletion. Dietary potassium intake may have some importance in the maintenance of normal body potassium during chronic treatment with thiazides for hypertensio

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181403

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Male Wistar rats were fed for 1 month on a low salt diet and compared with control animals. The body fluids are decreased, and this diminution takes place due to the decrease of the total water, extracellular space, intracellular space, plasma volume and interstitial liquid. In the muscle, the alterations in the water composition were similar to the modifications observed in the whole animal. The electrolytic composition of the muscle showed a decrease in the sodium content; no modifications were found in the chloride content and there was a slight decrease in the potassium content. The cardiac rate was increased and the arterial pressure and heart weight also showed a slight augmentation. The infusion of antibodies against angiotensin II provoked a similar decrease in arterial pressure in both groups of animals. These results show an alteration of the hydroelectrolytic metabolism in salt-deprived rats and that the circulatory function is adapted to this new situation.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181404

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An 11-year-old girl who presented with pneumonia, pleura! effusion, hematuria, and red blood cell casts is described. Mycoplasma pneumoniae complement fixation titers were elevated. The pneumonia resolved following therapy with tetracycline. Light microscopy of renal biopsy tissue revealed an acute glomerulonephritis; immunofluorescent studies showed deposits of IgG, C3 and mycoplasma antigen along the glomerular capillary walls and in the mesangium; subendothelial and subepithelial deposits were seen by electron microscopy. This is the first report of acute glomerulonephritis associated with M.pneumoniae infection with evidence of mycoplasma-induced immune complex nephritis.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181405

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Proteinuria or renal failure of short duration in the diabetic patient without retinopathy or other complications, suggests that the patient is suffering from glomerular disease in addition to that described by Kimmelstiel and Wilson.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181406

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger