摘要:

There is evidence derived from both experimental studies and from observation of human nephritis that platelets are important in the glomerular injury of chronic soluble-complex disease. It is not yet clear if platelets are involved in the events initiating endothelial damage, in perpetuating and amplifying injury, or both. Antiplatelet agents appear to have a role in the treatment of chronic forms of glomerulonephritis; but more knowledge of platelet involvement in nephritis and more readily available tests for platelet involvement are necessary before this suggestion can be tested intelligently.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180841

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of changes of sodium intake on serum and urinary electrolytes, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PA) was studied in five hyperkalemic patients with the syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism (SHH). The patients were evaluated during 8 days on a 10-mEq sodium and 50-mEq potassium diet plus furosemide, followed by 8 days on a 150-mEq sodium and 50-mEq potassium diet. After sodium depletion, both PRA and PA were substantially higher than after a previous 4-day period of simple dietary sodium restriction and an increase in serum potassium concentration occurred in only one subject. Administration of a normal sodium intake induced small increases in serum chloride in all five subjects and a decrease in bicarbonate concentration in one patient. It is concluded that, at least in some patients with SHH, PRA and PA are volume-responsive and that considerable alterations of sodium intake have relatively little influence on serum electrolyte concentrations.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180842

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Prolactin was shown to activate adenylate cyclase in broken cellular enzyme preparations from rat renal medulla. Likewise, vasopressin was effective on this enzyme system. Parathyroid hormone was similarly active in the renal cortex. The simultaneous administration of vasopressin and prolactin to medullary kidney slices did not result in an additive effect in stimulating medullary adenyl cyclase. Audioradiographic techniques revealed a selective and prolonged localization of intravenously injected 125I-prolactin to the thick limb of the loop of Henle, the distal tubule and the collecting duct. It is concluded that prolactin activates medullary adenylate cyclase, and may do so by occupying ADH receptors.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180843

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A pathophysiologic study was made in 15 patients with acute renal failure due to falciparum malaria. Marked increase in plasma fibrinogen and elevation of serum fibrin degradation products were observed in all cases. The other coagulation parameters including prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, factor V and factor VIII were within the normal limits. Plasma hemoglobin was minimal. The blood viscosity was significantly increased. Blood volume study in 5 patients showed initial hypovolemia followed by hypervolemia and normovolemia. Decreased cortical renal blood flow was noted in renal hemodynamic study using 133Xe. Plasma renin activity was increased. Intravenous pyelography during the oliguric phase of renal failure revealed a poor nephrogram which increased in density at 24 and 48 h after the injection of the contrast material. The findings suggest the significance of reduction of renal blood flow in the pathogenesis of renal failure in human malaria. The roles of blood hyperviscosity and hypovolemia are emphasized.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180844

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Longitudinal growth; bone and growth zone histology; growth cartilage and bone mineralization (tetracycline technique); bone Ca content (neutron activation analysis); bone radiology; serum and urine chemistry; urinary cAMP and serum 25-OH-vitamin D3 were studied in a long-term model of experimental uremia in the rat. Uremia was induced by two-stage subtotal nephrectomy with irradiation of the remaining parenchyma. Ccr in the experimental group was 113 ± 5.8 µl/min × 100 g (19.8% of controls) and serum creatinine 1.67 ± 0.04 mg% (5.1 × control value). Uremic animals were pair-fed with sham-operated controls. In the proximal tibia delayed transformation of cartilage into primary spongiosa with appearance of chondro-osteoid and delayed transformation of primary spongiosa into secondary spongiosa was observed (rickets). Increased amounts of osteoid were present although 25-OH-vitamin D3-levels were high. There were only modest signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism (osteoclast counts; urinary cAMP). In spite of the presence of bone disease, longitudinal growth was not reduced in uremic animals as compared with pair-fed sham-operated animals, but was significantly reduced as compared with ad lib fed control animals. In contrast, weight gain was significantly diminished in uremic animals as compared with pair-fed sham-operated control animals. It is concluded that diminished intake of food is the major determinant of growth retardation in preterminal experimental renal fai

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180845

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An Arab patient with a typical nephrotic syndrome associated with the deposition of an amyloid-like material in the glomeruli is described. The deposits consisted of an electrondense finely granular material which contained immunoglobuhns and complement and fibrillar structures which resembled those of amyloid but did not stain with the typical amyloid stains.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180846

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger