ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000188535

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000188536

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000188537

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the main hormone controlling calcium concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF) through its biological activity on bone, kidney and intestine. However, data published over the last two decades indicate that PTH may act as an immunomodulator. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the effects of PTH on various immune functions. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and elevated blood levels of PTH showed impaired migration, reduced phagocytic and bactericidal activity, and inhibited granulocyte chemotaxis. Antibody production and T and B lymphocyte proliferation are affected by PTH, both in vivo and in vitro. Possible implications of the involvement of PTH and its fragments in CRF are discussed.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000188538

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Erythrocytosis occurs in 10-15% of renal transplant recipients and there is evidence that the production of erythropoietin is modulated by adenosine. We prospectively evaluated the effects of theophylline, a nonselective adenosine antagonist, in 8 patients with erythrocytosis after renal transplantation. All patients were given triple-drug immunosuppressive therapy with methylprednisolone (8 mg/daily), azathioprine (2 mg/kg b.w. daily) and cyclosporin A (4 mg/kg b.w. daily). After an 8-week course of theophylline treatment (Theodur 300 mg × 2 daily), the mean serum erythropoietin levels were significantly reduced (from 61 mlU/ml before to 16.5 mlU/ml after treatment, p < 0.05). Also the hematocrit was reduced from 0.58 before to 0.50 after treatment (p < 0.05). The previous requirement of monthly phlebotomy was eliminated in all transplant recipients. The above effects were reproducible when the patients were rechallenged with theophylline after a recovery period. It is suggested that theophylline modulates the production of erythropoietin as well as the hematocrit levels in patients with erythrocytosis after renal transplantation and may be useful in the treatment of this condition

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000188539

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We identified human leukocyte alloantigens (HLA) class II alleles in 24 Japanese children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) by deoxyribo-nucleic acid (DNA) typing. The DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were identified using sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes for DQA and DQB. The frequency of DQB1*0302 was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (54.0 vs. 16.0%, respectively; relative risk, RR = 6.2; pc < 0.00009. We also found that the frequency of DQA1*0103 in the patients was significantly lower than in the controls (RR = 0.194, pc < 0.04). Several studies have identified an association between certain HLA by serotyping. In the present study, we investigated the HLAs of Japanese patients with SSNS by DNA typing and observed a significant increase in the frequency of DQB1*0302 in patients with the disease. HLA-DQ3, which was proven to be associated with SSNS, consists of HLA DQ7, 8 and 9. DQB 1*0302 is a component of HLA-DQ8. So we proposed the increase of DQ3 was due to an increase in DQ8.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000188540

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have identified 17 obese patients (body mass index, BMI, 37.9 ± 4.1)with proteinuria > 1 g/day (1.3-6.4 g/24 h, mean 3.1 ± 1.7). Their age was 34-70 years (48.3 ± 10); 11 were females and 6 males. Six patients had only one functioning kidney and a sleep apnea syndrome had been diagnosed in 5. Renal biopsies, obtained in 5 cases, showed focal glomerulosclerosis in 2 cases, minimal changes in 2 and mesangial proliferation in 1. Nine patients (group 1) were treated with hypocaloric diets; body weight significantly decreased (BMI 37.1 ± 3, 34 ± 3.5 and 32.6 ± 3.2 at 0, 6 and 12 months, respectively) as well as proteinuria (2.9 ± 1.7, 1.2 ± 1 and 0.4 ± 0.6 g/24 h). There was a significant correlation between body weight loss and decrease in proteinuria (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). Eight patients (group 2) were treated with captopril, without dietary changes. BMI remained stable but proteinuria showed a dramatic decrease, similar to that in group 1 (3.4 ± 1.7, 1.2 ± 0.9 and 0.7 ± 1 g/24 h, respectively). Renal function remained stable in both groups. In summary, both body weight loss and captopril treatment can induce a sharp decrease in obesity-related

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000188541

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and expansion of the mesangial matrix are hallmarks of human diabetic nephropathy. Renal tissues from 15 patients with type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes (NIDDM) were studied by immunofiuorescence (IF) and immunogold electron microscopy (IEM) for the distribution of 2 type IV collagen peptides [α3(IV) noncoUagenous (NC) domain and α4(IV) NC domain] and 2 classical type IV collagen chains [αl(IV) NC domain and α2(IV) domain]. There was intense staining for α3(IV) NC and α4(IV) NC domain in the GBM but not in the mesangial matrix of patients with overt diabetic nephropathy. In contrast, staining with antibodies to αl(IV) NC and α2(IV) NC domain reacted with mesangial matrix but was significantly decreased in the GBM in the patients with overt diabetic nephropathy. IEM confirmed the IF findings. These data suggest that expansion of the mesangial matrix and thickening of GBM in NIDDM involves separate and distinct type IV collagen components and that the site-specific matrix alterations in NIDDM and type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes are p

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000188542

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The evidence for oxidative stress during haemodialysis is controversial. We therefore examined markers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation using an in vitro dialysis circuit. A unit of fresh blood (500 ml) therapeutically removed from each of 7 haemochromatosis patients was oxygenated and circulated for 4 h at 37 °C through a cuprophane dialyser (Clirans C08) against saline dialysate (1,000 ml recirculating; +FIL group). In a second series of experiments (n = 7), the dialyser was omitted from the circuit (-FIL group). Concentrations of anti-oxidants and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at 7 time points during the study. Blood thiol concentrations decreased by 25.6% in the +FIL group (p 0.05; group comparison, p = 0.006). There were no significant differences between the groups, for the lipid-soluble anti-oxidants α-tocopherol, retinol and β-carotene. Plasma MDA concentrations increased in both circuits (p < 0.001, respectively, no difference between groups). However, the susceptibility of red blood cells to lipid peroxidation (as determined by MDA production following a challenge with hydrogen peroxide) was unchanged by 120 min of dialysis. These in vitro experiments provide supporting evidence that haemodialysis is accompanied by measurable oxidative stress and plasma lipid peroxidati

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000188543

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Complement proteins in serum are mainly synthesized by hepatocytes. Recently, many cell types have been reported to synthesize complement in various tissues. In this study, we report the synthesis and secretion of the third component of complement (C3) by cultured glomerular epithelial cells (GEC). Using reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction, we have found that GEC and whole kidney expressed the C3 mRNA for C3. By ELISA, we have found that C3 was secreted in culture supernatants harvested from cultured GEC. The secretion of C3 is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines (IL-lβ, TNF-α and IL·6). IL-lβ is shown to be the most potent stimulator of C3 secretion from GEC. The exact significance of C3 produced at glomerular site is not clear, but its upregulation by proinflammatory cytokines may suspect a role in local activation of complement which may lead to glomerular injury. We further studied the expression of C3 step regulatory proteins (membrane cofactor protein (MCP), decay-accelerating factor (DAF), CR-1 and CD59 (a terminal step regulatory protein) by cultured GEC. Treatment of GEC by proinflammatory cytokines IL-lβ, TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-6 did not modify the expression of MCP, DAF and CR-1 whereas an increase in the expression of CD59 could be observed after treatment with IL-lβ and TGF-β. These results indicate that the expression of these regulatory proteins is tissue specific and may be implicated in inflammatory p

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000188544

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1995

数据来源: Karger