ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184160

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184161

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Plasma levels of granulocyte lactoferrin, granulocyte myeloperoxidase and granulocyte elastase in complex with α1-proteinase inhibitor (E-α1PI) were investigated in regular hemodialysis patients dialyzed with hollow-fiber dialyzers made from polycarbonate (FD 100) or cuprophan (GFS 120 H). Plasma levels of all these main granulocyte components increased significantly during hemodialysis. E-α1PI levels were significantly higher in patients dialyzed with the polycarbonate compared with the cuprophan membrane, whereas the increases of myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin were not different for the two dialyzers. On the other hand, plasma C3a levels were higher in patients dialyzed with the cuprophan compared with the polycarbonate dialyzer. Therefore, granulocyte activation during hemodialysis does not necessarily need complement activati

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184162

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Glycerol-treated rats exhibited significantly increased urinary thromboxane B2 (TXB)2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α (6kPGF1α) excretion and urine volume (UV). These increases were associated with significant decreases in creatinine clearance (CCr), urinary sodium concentration (UNa), urinary sodium excretion (UNaV), and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa%), which is consistent with the development of the prerenal (reversible) phase of acute renal failure (ARF). When glycerol-treated rats were pretreated with a selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis (imidazole), urinary PGE2 and 6kPGF1α excretion and UV remained unchanged, whereas CCr, UNa, UNaV decreases were partially prevented. Additionally, FENa% was increased, indicating inhibition of sodium reabsorption. The findings indicate that inhibition of TXA2 synthesis increases UNaV and partially improves CCr in glycerol-treated rats. Further histologic observation and functional follow-up over longer periods of time are needed to clarify the role of TXA2 in the development of A

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184163

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Eight patients with end-stage renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), who developed peritonitis, received an intraperitoneal dose of vancomycin (30 mg/kg body weight) with 6 h of peritoneal dwell and then resumed their routine CAPD schedule. Vancomycin concentration in serum, peritoneal dialysate (PD) from an overnight dwell and 1, 2 and 3 h after a new exchange was measured at 48 h (in 5 patients) and 7 days (in 6 patients). Except for an occasional 1-hour peritoneal fluid sample on the 7th day, all samples had satisfactory vancomycin levels. Five of the 8 patients who had gram-positive peritonitis and 1 with ‘sterile’ peritonitis received another similar intraperitoneal dose of vancomycin at the 7th day. All of these patients had good therapeutic response with a negative PD culture 3 weeks after the cessation of therapy and no relapse of infection in at least 1 month of follow-up. We conclude that 2 intraperitoneal doses of vancomycin (30 mg/kg body weight) given 1 week apart with 6 h of intraperitoneal dwell is an effective and adequate treatment for gram-positive and ‘sterile’ peritonitis in CAPD p

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184164

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The exposure of patients to the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes and bags during dialysis has been investigated. In vitro studies of the migration of DEHP from hemodialysis tubes into plasma revealed a migration coefficient of 7.7 μg/ml/h. An artificial kidney did not influence the plasma concentration of DEHP. The calculated exposure from a single hemodialysis can be as much as the total annual exposure using continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). CAPD fluids in PVC bags contain low concentrations of DEHP and its hydrolysis product mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP). These phthalates were analyzed in serum from patients receiving both CAPD and hemodialysis using gas chromatography. A group of patients not yet on dialysis treatment was used as control. In no case could MEHP be detected. The DEHP concentration was 0.8–4.2 μg/ml serum in the 17 hemodialysis patients after dialysis and 0.1–0.9 μg/ml in 4 of the CAPD patients. In 3 of the CAPD and all of the predialysis patients, DEHP could not be detected ( < 0.1

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184165

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Guanidino compounds are increased in uremia and are highly suspected to be uremic toxins. The serum levels of 11 guanidino compounds and the influence of a single hemodialysis were evaluated in 30 steady-state uremic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Guanidino compound levels were detected using liquid cation exchange chromatography with a highly sensitive fluorescence detection method. Highly standardized dialysis procedures were performed. Before hemodialysis, high levels were found for guanidinosuccinic acid, N-α-acetylarginine, argininic acid, creatinine, γ-guanidinobutyric acid, guanidine and methylguanidine. Guanidinosuccinic acid reached levels associated with toxic effects in vitro. After hemodialysis, although lowered, guanidinosuccinic acid, creatinine, guanidine and methylguanidine were still markedly increased. No differences in the percent decrease, during a single hemodialysis, of the studied compounds were found using different membranes such as cellulose acetate, cuprophane and polyacrylonitrile membranes. Substantial differences, however, in the percent decrease of the different guanidino compounds were found, ranging from 25 ± 13% for arginine to 74 ± 7.5% for guanidinosuccinic acid. Data reported here show that guanidino compounds are raised in serum of uremic patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, before as well as after a single hemodialysis, while substantial differences in the percent decrease of the different guanidino compounds are fo

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184166

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of dietary protein both before and after uranyl-nitrate-induced acute renal failure were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on high-protein (60%), normal-protein (20%), low-protein (5%) and no-protein diets for 8 days prior to intravenous administration of uranyl nitrate (10 mg/kg). Immediately following uranyl nitrate injection, some rats on normal-protein diets were switched to no-protein, low-protein or high-protein diets, while some of the rats on high-protein diets were switched to low-protein diets. Serum and urine creatinine levels and urine volumes were monitored for 2 weeks following uranyl nitrate treatment. Rats conditioned to no-protein and low-protein diets exhibited significantly lower mortalities than rats maintained on normal-protein diets. Rats maintained on high protein diets exhibited better renal function than rats maintained on lower dietary protein regimes, but these rats had mortality rates similar to rats maintained on normal-protein diets. Shifting the rats on normal-protein diets to low- or no-protein diets immediately after uranyl nitrate administration did not improve their renal function or survival rates. However, shifting the rats on normal-protein diets to high-protein diets immediately following uranyl nitrate injection resulted in significantly higher mortalities (93%) than in rats maintained on either normal or high dietary protein throughout the experimental period. Finally, shifting rats on high dietary protein to low-protein diets immediately following uranyl nitrate administration resulted in both improved renal function and survival compared with rats shifted from normal to restricted dietary protein (5%) immediately following uranyl nitrate injection. The above findings indicate that dietary protein prior to as well as following uranyl nitrate administration can have a significant effect on subsequent renal function and survival. Both high and low dietary protein regimes prior to uranyl nitrate administration in rats can significantly improve survival when these animals are maintained on restricted dietary protein following treatment with uranyl nitrate.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184167

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Digestion of adult glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with collagenase releases a number of peptides of which the noncoUagenous region of type IV collagen is detected by antibodies from patients with anti-GBM nephritis. In our study, 17 of 19 sera reacting with GBM, in indirect immunofluorescence, with cryostat sections of adult kidneys were negative with cryostat sections of fetal kidneys. However, after digestion with collagenase, a similar pattern of peptides was released from both fetal and adult GBM. SDS-PAGE immunoblotting revealed comparable antibody binding of all 19 sera with the peptides from either fetal or adult GBM. These findings suggest conformational differences between type IV collagen in fetal and adult GBM or masking of the antigen by other GBM constituents which may shield the antigen.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184168

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of the antiplatelet agents, ticlopidine and dipyridamole, on nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN) was evaluated in rats. An accelerated form of NTN was induced with preimmunization of rabbit IgG 7 days before injection of rabbit antirat nephrotoxic serum. Twelve animals received a peroral dose of 20 mg of ticlopidine daily, and 12 animals received a peroral dose of 10 mg of dipyridamole twice daily for 7 days. It was shown that both ticlopidine and dipyridamole were able to significantly reduce urinary protein excretion. There was, however, no significant difference in glomerular changes between treated animals and nontreated controls. Ticlopidine and dipyridamole were found to suppress the development of proteinuria in accelerated NTN. Although the antiaggregative action of dipyridamole was relatively weak in vivo, dipyridamole was found to be rather effective on protein excretion in the present study. These results support the significant role of platelets in the development of proteinuria in glomerulonephritis, and it is suggested that dipyridamole may have an antiproteinuric effect other than inhibition of platelet aggregation.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000184169

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger