摘要:

The hypothesis of acute renal failure which now best fits the facts is that it is a Shwartzman equivalent, due to the multiple noxious effects of endotoxin. Endotoxin alone can account for all those separate factors which are known to cause an increase of the renal vascular resistance. The discrepancies and the implications are discussed.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180463

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Administered orally at 500 mg/day to patients in end-stage chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis, furosemide significantly decreases the weight gain between dialyses and increases sodium excretion rate. This therapy remains without effect on blood pressure, creatinine clearance and urinary excretion of potassium and nitrogen. Devoid of any side-effects, at least during short periods, the treatment may contribute to achieve better control of sodium and water balance.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180464

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ammonium chloride ingestion on the hypercalcemic effect of parathyroid hormone in vivo. Thyroparathyroidectomized rats were given 1.5% ammonium chloride for 5–6 days. Ingestion of ammonium chloride increased serum calcium, but also significantly enhanced the calcium elevating effect of injected parathyroid extract. This result is compatible with a proposed hypothesis that the calcium mobilizing function of the parathyroid hormone may be enhanced by the hormone’s own influence on systemic hydrogen ion concentrat

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180472

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to provide an ultrastructural description of kaliopenic nephropathy in rats, potassium deficiency uncomplicated by chloride depletion or extracellular fluid volume expansion was induced by dietary means alone. After 12 days, serum and muscle analyses demonstrated severe potassium depletion, while urine concentrating ability was markedly impaired. Although micropuncture techniques demonstrated that net fluid transport in proximal tubules was normal, the epithelial cells showed the following morphological alterations: electron-lucent vacuoles and lysosome-like dense bodies were numerous, focal cytoplasmic degradation was present, and intercellular spaces were dilated in many proximal tubules. Medullary cell droplets were characterized by fusion, massive enlargement with sequestration of cytoplasmic components such as ribosomes, and occasional extrusion through ruptured plasma membranes – features not previously reporte

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180465

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a method allowing the separation of proteins according to their molecular sizes. For this reason this method is rather useful for the classification of proteinurias as tubular, glomerular, or mixed. In the present study a good correlation was observed between the results of urine electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel and both clinical and histopathological data from 32 patients with different forms of renal disease.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180466

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Studies have been carried out on the toxicity of large doses of contrast medium (Hypaque 45%) given to rats with acute renal failure induced both by mercuric chloride and by glycerol. No increase in the expected mortality of the experimental models was observed following infusion of twice the maximum clinical dose of contrast medium.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180467

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The ingestion of a sodium phosphate laxative preparation (Phosphosoda, Fleed) in a patient who had acute renal failure resulted in hypocalcemic tetany primarily due to severe hyperphosphatemia. Hypernatremia and a marked anion gap were present and attributable in part to the sodium phosphate ingestion of this preparation in the presence of renal failure.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180468

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A material with a molecular weight comprised between 10,000 and 50,000 has been extracted from the urine of normal and glomerulonephritic (GN) rats submitted to high or normal salt diet. When injected into the renal arteries of normal rats, the material isolated from the urine of normal salt-loaded rats induced a significant natriuresis; on the contrary, the material isolated from GN rats or from normal non-salt-loaded rats induced only a slight natriuresis which did not exceed control values. Injection of natriuretic material in GN rats did not induce any significant natriuresis. The results demonstrate the presence of a natriuretic material in the urine of salt-loaded normal rats; this material is absent in the urine of GN animals; moreover, they demonstrate that the sodium retention by the GN kidney is due to the inability of this organ to respond to the determinants of saline natriuresis such as natriuretic factor(s) as well as non specific changes in blood composition, i.e. blood dilution. Several possibilities could be deduced from these results: a natriuretic material of extrarenal origin could be inactive on the GN kidney which could destroy it; natriuretic material of renal origin could disappear during experimental glomerulonephritis and be absent in the urine of these animals.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180469

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of acute renal denervation on renal blood flow (RBF) and intrarenal distribution of blood flow (microsphere method) was studied in dogs using three standard denervation models. Surgical denervation, by stripping renal vascular nerves and autoperfusing the kidney through a large bore plastic catheter, caused RBF and glomerular filtration rate to decrease. Also, intrarenal distribution of blood flow became asymmetric, that is, perfusion changes in the two halves of the kidney were not similar. Denervation by stripping away the neural tissue and infiltrating the hilum with 0.5% procaine and 50% ethanol produced no adverse effects on RBF, but distributional changes were asymmetric. Denervation by this method was probably incomplete as evidenced by decreased RBF following bilateral carotid occlusion. Intrarenal arterial infusion of 10 µg/kg/min phenoxybenzamine caused renal perfusion to change asymmetrically and did not abolish the decrease in RBF normally seen following nerve stimulation. Present results demonstrate denervation studies must be interpreted cautiously; because the denervation model may cause renal damage and asymmetric perfusion, and denervation may not be complete

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180470

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Carrying out vascular sutures is often a serious trouble during the surgical preparation of arteriovenous fistulas for haemodialysis. A new technique is suggested to perform an end-to-end anastomosis by inserting the artery 5–6 mm into the vein and then cementing the vessels by means of a cyanoacrilic tissue adhesive. The duration of the surgical procedure is reduced to half and this technique is much more simple than the usual ones. In 6 patients thus treated no troubles could be found either immediately or afterward

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000180471

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger