摘要:

Hypercalciuria is common in patients who form calcium oxalate urinary stones and is considered by many to be the cause ofthe disorder. This review shows that there is little relationship between either the rate of stone-formation or calcium oxalate crystalluria and the urinary excretion of calcium. There is, however, a strong relationship between these parameters and the urinary excretion of oxalate which is slightly, but significantly, elevated in stone-formers compared with normals. It is concluded that this mild degree of hyperoxaluria may be much more important than hypercalciuria in the genesis of calcium oxalate stones.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181963

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Patients with analgesic nephropathy are reported to have a higher risk of atherosclerosis. One possible reason for this is a high incidence of hyperlipaemia in patients with analgesic nephropathy. In a retrospective study, serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride concentrations of patients with analgesic nephropathy and moderately restricted renal function were significantly higher compared to a control group with other renal diseases of similar age and degree of renal insufficiency. Hyperlipaemia in analgesic nephropathy is not explained by end-stage renal failure on one side or protein loss as in nephrotic syndrome on the other side. Some possible mechanisms for hyperlipaemia in analgesic nephropathy are discussed.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181964

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was aimed at answering the following two questions: (1) What is the effect of high dose vitamin D treatment on the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) ? (2) Is there any effect of urinary protein loss on the serum 25-OH-D levels during treatment with pharmacological doses of vitamin D? 42 patients with CRF were studied. They were treated conservatively by a low protein diet and received 15 mg of vitamin D2 once a week. Long-term administration of vitamin D caused a significant (5- to 7-fold) increase of plasma 25-OH-D level irrespective of the degree of proteinuria. This increase was noted only during the first 5 months of vitamin D2 2.75 mmol/l) was found. From the results obtained it is concluded that (1) patients with CRF differ from normal subjects in handling of high doses of vitamin D and (2) high dosage treatment with vitamin D may prevent hypocalcemia in patients with CRF in spite of high proteinuria.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181965

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Literature data on renin in the nephrotic syndrome are conflicting: renin values are reported to be elevated as the rule, but sometimes normal or low; data on renin substrate are scanty and pointing to low values. In the present study, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma renin substrate (PRS) were measured in 27 episodes of the nephrotic phase in 24 patients with nephrotic syndrome with various lesions. 10 patients were reinvestigated after remission; 1 patient could be followed during development of the edema phase as well as during prednisone-induced remission. During the nephrotic phase, PRS was suppressed in 8%, normal in 44 and elevated in 48%, while PRA was suppressed in 41%, normal in 48 and elevated in 11% of the patients. After remission, PRA increased in 70% and PRS decreased in 20 and increased in 50% of the cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate PRA and PRS in nephrotic patients; it is concluded that low PRS and high PRA are not as characteristic for the nephrotic syndrome as they are generally thought to be.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181966

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have observed six episodes of severe symptomatic hypoglycemia in 5 nondiabetic patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis. The common factor in all 5 patients was propranolol administration for the treatment of hypertension. This observation suggests that β-adrenergic blockade may cause profound hypoglycemia in dialyzed patients with other predisposing factors such as poor nutrition, liver dysfunction or stress. On the basis of our experience, we recommend blood sugar determinations for propranolol-treated patients during dialysis against glucose-free dialysate

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181967

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The physicians in charge of 15 German hemodialysis units furnished data on 713 dialysis patients. Data relating to the vocational status were examined for 612 patients aged 60 years or below. It was found that the current working status varies with psychological and social factors. The data show that the vocational status is importantly influenced by the premorbid profession, the level of schooling and by the conditions of the local labor market. With the exception of severe complications or secondary diseases, no relation existed between the somatic state and the current working status. As assessed by the physicians in charge, most dialysis patients were able to work part time, but unable to work full time. Lack of facilities for, or financial disincentives against, part time employment are felt to be the single most important obstacle to vocational rehabilitation of dialysis patients.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181968

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Several sources of evidence have shown that the renal kallikrein-kinin system is altered in various forms of hypertension. The impact of these results is limited by the possible dependence of urinary kallikrein excretion on the effective renal mass which might be reduced in hypertension due to nephrosclerosis and/or the underlying inflammatory kidney disease. Therefore, investigations of the kallikrein-kinin system in other kallikrein-containing tissues might be of interest. In normal subjects, the kallikrein excretion of parotid saliva is inversely related to flow rate and sodium concentration. An increased salivary kallikrein concentration is found in human essential, adrenomedullary and renoparenchymal hypertension associated with impaired kidney function. In contrast to the kallikrein secretion, the flow-dependent sodium concentration of parotid saliva is reduced in human essential and renoparenchymal hypertension which indicates an enhanced sodium reabsorption in the glandular duct system. Furthermore, in most forms of hypertension, there is a tendency of higher potassium levels in the saliva. The pathogenesis of the enhanced glandular kallikrein secretion in hypertension is discussed with regard to a counter-regulatory mechanism in hypertension as well as a sympathicoadrenergic activation. The enhanced sodium reabsorption in the duct system during various forms of hypertension could be the cause as well as the consequence of the high blood pressure.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181969

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 42-year-old female with IgA monoclonal gammopathy and Bence-Jones proteinuria suffered from recurrent episodes of Henoch-Schönlein syndrome and renal failure. The renal biopsy showed a diffuse proliferative ‘crescentic’ glomerulonephritis with mesangial IgA deposition. She responded to steroids but immunosuppressive therapy failed to prevent relapse. Since the introduction of cytotoxic therapy she has had no further relapse. Cytotoxic therapy may be beneficial in monoclonal gammopathy even in the absence of malignancy where the clinical syndrome is the result of the presence of a parapro

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181970

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rats were made severely uremic with partial nephrectomy (24-hour creatinine clearance 10% of normal). Jejunal dipeptidase activities (substrates: glycyl-L-leucine, L-alanyl-L-proline, and L-methionyl-L-methionine), disaccharidase activities (maltase, sucrase, trehalase, and lactase) and morphology were studied. A highly significant increase in glycyl-L-leucine and L-methionyl-L-methionine dipeptidases was found in uremic rats compared with controls. Proline dipeptidase activities were unaltered. Disaccharidase activities showed a slight increase in sucrase in uremic rats; otherwise no change was found.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181971

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181972

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger