ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181659

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181597

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A critical survey of the literature suggests that elevated serum uric acid is definitely associated with hypertension and may function as an independent risk factor in the development of this disease. The possible role of an elevated serum uric acid as an independent risk factor for the development of ischemic heart disease remains controversial and the association of these two factors may depend on the relationship between uric acid and hypertension. There is no evidence available to define the metabolic turnover of uric acid in hypertensives. The exact mechanisms underlying elevated serum uric acid values during diuretic treatment are unclear, but depend initially upon diuretic-induced extracellular volume depletion.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181660

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The origin and mechanism of renal clearance of urinary ‘fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products’ (FDP) were studied in patients with renal glomerular diseases associated with heavy, non-selective proteinuria and high levels of urinary FDP. The results indicated that the urinary FDP arose primarily by the filtration of unaltered plasma fibrinogen through a damaged and abnormally permeable glomerular basement membrane and that a variable degree of lysis of the filtered fibrinogen occurred in the urine. The lysis of cross-linked fibrin in intraglomerular deposits, as evidenced by the presence of dimeric fragment D in the urine, appeared to contribute only a small amount to the total urinary FDP excret

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181598

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Tienilic acid (ticrynafen) [2,3-dichloro-4-(2-thyenil-carbonyl) phenoxyacetic acid] is a new diuretic with uricosuric properties in man and dog. In this animal the drug acts by blocking tubular transport of uric acid in the proximal tubule. We have demonstrated that tienilic acid (TA) is highly bound to plasma proteins at 37 ¤C (more than 95% at drug concentrations of 3.0–20.0 mg/dl). Thus, glomerular filtration of the drug is negligible and tienilic acid must reach the kidney at the antiluminal site of the tubule. During free-flow studies, the clearance of tienilic acid at stable plasma concentrations ranging from 3.0 to 20.0 mg/dl ranged from 11 to 22% of glomerular filtration measured by exogenous creatinine clearance. These values are 3–5 times greater than that accounted for by filtration of the drug alone and are highly suggestive of tubular secretion. Secretion becomes more apparent during alkalinization of the urine when the clearance of tienilic acid may rise to 40 and even 100% of glomerular filtration. During stop-flow studies, the urine over plasma ratio of the drug (U/P TA) over that of creatinine (U/P Cr) decreased along the nephron indicating progressive reabsorption. At equivalent plasma concentration, it was demonstrated that tienilic acid markedly depresses PAH transport in the proximal tubule. When plasma tienilic acid concentration is kept low (5 mg/dl) and PAH concentration is raised to 30 mg/dl, the (U/P TA)/(U/P Cr) drops by 50%. Our results indicate active secretion of tienilic acid in the proximal tubule followed by passive pH dependent reabsorption along the nephron. The drug is transported through the common organic acid pathway by a carrier having higher affinity for tienilic acid than for

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181661

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The level of plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in subjects at rest was found to be significantly lower in 12 patients on long-term hemodialysis than in a healthy 8-member control group: 28.3 ± 7.2 and 13.6 ± 7.6 IU/l, respectively (p < 0.01). Following immersion of one hand of each subject into cold water (4°C) for 1 min, a significant rise was observed in both groups, 6.1 ± 4.8 IU/l for the control and 1.6 ± 1.4 IU/l for the patient group (p < 0.01). Upon tilting up the head of all subjects, activity in both groups increased significantly, but a markedly smaller rise was found in the patient group: 5.8 ± 4.8 and 1.1 ± 1.6 IU/l for the two groups, respectively (p < 0.01). The data suggest an autonomic nervous dysfunction in patients on long-term hemodi

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181599

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Renal biopsy specimens obtained from patients with various chronic nephropathies were studied by immunofluorescence (IF), electron and light microscopy. Of 49 biopsies studied by IF, 22 had granular deposits of IgG and/or C3 along the basement membranes of proximal tubules while 14 had linear and 13 both linear and granular deposits. The possible importance of immunologically mediated renal tubular lesions in chronic nephropathies is discussed.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181600

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Following establishment of steady state plasma concentrations of ticrynafen in the mongrel dog, the intravenous injection of large doses of p -aminohippurate (PAH) or sodium salicylate reduced or blocked the urinary excretion of ticrynafen. In a similar manner, the intravenous administration of ticrynafen reduced the urinary excretion of PAH in preloaded dogs. Since PAH and salicylate are actively secreted by a renal tubular organic anion transport system, these data were interpreted as evidence of an active tubular secretion of ticrynafen. The natriuresis and uricosuria which result from the administration of ticrynafen to the mongrel dog were reduced by PAH and salicylate at doses of these compounds which effectively blocked the secretion of ticrynafen. These results demonstrate that in the dog, the natriuretic and uricosuric activity of ticrynafen results from the presence of ticrynafen in the tubular lumen.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181662

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Clearance and micropuncture techniques were used to evaluate the effects of MK-196 on uric acid and electrolyte excretion by the rat kidney. The urinary excretion of sodium, uric acid, calcium and magnesium increased significantly following MK-196 administration. The major site of action with respect to sodium reabsorption was in the ascending limb of Henle’s loop as revealed by depression of both free-water clearance and reabsorption. By contrast, microinjection studies with [2–14C]-urate revealed the major site of altered urate absorption to be in the proximal convoluted tubule, a site where sodium and water reabsorption was unchan

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181663

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Diamine oxidase activity was measured in plasma or urine in 12 normal men, 4 men with chronic liver or heart disease, 13 men with chronic renal failure, and 12 men undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Also in five studies in 4 patients, plasma diamine oxidase activity and total amine levels were measured at hourly intervals during a hemodialysis treatment. Plasma diamine oxidase activity was normal in patients with liver or heart disease and was at least three times normal in chronically uremic patients and in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Plasma diamine oxidase activities before and after a hemodialysis therapy were similar and did not change during dialysis until the 4th hour when they fell transiently; plasma total amine levels, which were elevated initially, tended to rise during the 4th hour of dialysis. Urinary diamine oxidase activity was reduced in the chronically uremic patients as compared to normal subjects. These observations are consistent with three alterations in diamine oxidase in patients with renal failure: activity (a) is increased in plasma of chronically uremic patients and those undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, (b) does not increase normally in response to heparin administration during dialysis therapy, and (c) is reduced in urine of chronically uremic patients.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181601

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger