ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181985

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Diurnal excretory rhythms of Na, K, Cl and PO4 were measured in consecutive 3-hour urine collection periods in 2 subjects with advanced renal failure, one of whom was hypertensive, and had been edematous for 4 and 8 days, respectively. Inulin clearance was measured over a 39-hour span in the hypertensive patient. As compared with normal subjects studied under similar conditions, the amplitudes of all rhythms were depressed, the amplitude of K especially so. The rhythm of PO4 excretion was phase-shifted (late AM acrophase) in both patients. The rhythms of Na, Cl and K were phase-shifted in the hypertensive but not the normotensive patient. Ca and Mg rhythms measured in the normotensive subject were within normal limits of amplitude and phase, coinciding with those of Na and Cl. Amplitude of inulin clearance in the hypertensive patient was normal but with reversed phase.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181986

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A total of 14 hemodialysis patients were followed for an average of 8.4 months after stopping oral vitamin A supplements (5,000 U daily). No change occurred in the mean vitamin A plasma levels. 11 of the 14 patients were followed for an average of 16.3 months, and no change was noted in the mean vitamin A level. Vitamin A intake does not seem to effect the plasma vitamin A level in hemodialysis patients. This is consistent with the possibility that the vitamin A levels in hemodialysis patients are increased because of an increase in retinol binding protein.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181987

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 37-year-old white male, working in a tile factory, presented proteinuria with no obvious tubular dysfunction. Renal biopsy disclosed a mild focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis. Distinct alterations were found by electron microscopy, especially in the proximal tubular cells. Because of a history of heavy dust exposure the silicon content was determined in the kidney biopsy tissue. The finding of 150 mg/kg silicon on tissue dry weight supports the diagnosis of silicon nephropathy.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181988

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

After successful renal transplantation there is continuing malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus. This is due in part to impaired glomerular filtration rate, and in part to the action of steroid on calcium and phosphorus absorption. The effect of steroids is most marked over the first 18 months after transplantation and causes significant malabsorption of calcium and phosphorus even though good graft function is established. Calcium and phosphorus malabsorption can be improved by exogenous 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (oral 1α-OH D3 or 1,25-[OH]2D3)

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181989

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dialysate effluent protein content was measured in 22 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (9 with and 13 without previous peritonitis). The average amount of protein in those patients without peritonitis was 1.3 g/2 liters exchanged over a 6-hour period, while that of patients with previous peritonitis was 2.6 g/ 2 liters exchanged over the same period. 71 % of protein found in the dialysate of 2 patients was albumin. Despite the difference in the amount of protein lost between those without and those with peritonitis, there was no significant difference in their mean serum albumin levels (3.2 and 3.4 g%, respectively) which were only slightly below the normal range. The previously reported high protein losses in patients undergoing CAPD are probably the result of frequent episodes of peritonitis and a higher number (five) of daily exchanges.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181990

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Uremic patients are thought to have deficient immune reactivity. The mechanisms for immunosuppression are not known. We have studied various in vitro immune response parameters in lymphocytes from uremic patients and from healthy controls. Using polyclonal activating substances, it was found that PHA and LPS responses were reduced in cells from the patient group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MLC responsiveness using pooled stimulator cells and polyclonal antibody secretion induced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro were reduced in the patients (p < 0.05). No differences with regard to proportions of T/B cells in blood were noted between the two groups. No correlation was found between responses of individual cells to different activating substances, with the exception of PHA and ConA. However, low responses to PHA were usually accompanied by a general low responsiveness. Patients were further subdivided into groups according to the type of dialysis treatment, peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD), and to the duration of the hemodialysis period ( < and ;• 1 year). Patients treated with PD showed impaired T cell reactivity with lower PHA responses compared to the HD patients (p < 0.05). Between the HD groups there were no significant differences in mitogen or MLC responses. We belive that the differences between PD and HD were due to the facts that the PD patients were older and not in the same nutritional state as the HD patient

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181991

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Perirenal bleeding following biopsy was assessed in 25 consecutive cases using computerized axial tomography (CT) scanning. Perirenal hematomas were found in 15 patients (60%). In 8 patients the hematomas were moderate or large in size. There was no correlation between the clinical findings, fall in hemoglobin, presence of macroscopic hematuria and the finding of perirenal hematoma by CT scanning.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181992

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Cardiac output and liver blood flow were measured using 15-µm diameter radioactive microspheres in anaesthetized male rats 12, 24 and 48 h and 7 days after induction of acute renal failure with glycerol. Plasma urea concentration was greatest in those rats studied 48 h after glycerol injection and at 7 days animals could be divided into ‘recovering’ and ‘azotemic’ on the basis of plasma urea levels. Cardiac output was significantly lower at 12 h than that found in control rats, but it was significantly greater than control values in azotemic animals at 48 h and in the ‘recovering’ group of rats at 7 days. Changes in cardiac output did not correlate with alterations in haematocrit. Liver blood flow showed a number of changes in the azotemic animals relative to the control rats; at 12 h it was significantly lower in the glycerol-treated rats whilst it was increased at 48 h and in both groups of animals at 7 days. When the proportion of cardiac output distributed to the liver was determined using 50-µm diameter microspheres, it was not significantly different from that determined using the smaller microspheres at 12 and 48 h after glycerol injection. This indicates that the results with the smaller microspheres were not distorted by incomplete trapping in the hepatic and splanchnic vascular beds. The implications of altered liver blood flow for drug metabolism in renal failure

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181993

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A model is described for the induction in the rat of varying degrees of stable uremia using controlled resection of renal tissue. Three degrees of uremia have been attained: ‘mild’ – blood urea 40–80 mg/100 ml (6.68–13.36 mmol/l); ‘moderate’ – blood urea 100–200 mg/l00 ml (16.7–33.4 mmol/l), and ‘severe’ – blood urea greater than 200 mg/100 ml ( > 33.4 mmol/l). Mild uremia was produced by unilateral nephrectomy; moderate uremia required the resection of 80 ± 2% of the total renal mass, and severe uremia was produced by 88 ± 2% nephrectomy. A sham-operative procedure provided an appropriate control for the model. Evaluation of the model has been carried out using analyses of renal function (GFR, concentrating capacity), blood biochemistry, hematological parameters and histological examination. The ability to induce a standardized, stable uremia at predetermined levels, uncomplicated by the administration of nephrotoxic material, represents an advance on existing methods for producing

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181994

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger