ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182958

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have carried out high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of serum and ultrafiltrate of blood obtained from uremic patients and normal subjects to elucidate the presence of medium-sized peptides unique to uremia. Many fluorescamine-positive substances, excluding amino acids and guanidine compounds, were increased in uremic serum compared with normal serum. At the 0.5–1.0 pmol/ml serum level, several peaks were unique to uremia. The retention time, fluorescamine reactivity, molecular weight distribution and the result of enzymatic digestion revealed that these peaks are peptidic substance

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182959

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The capacity of exogenous amino acids to alter renal protein metabolism was studied during renal regeneration after mercuric chloride-induced acute tubular necrosis in the rat. In regenerating cortical tissue, the free leucine concentration was 17% lower than normal, and was decreased further after glucose infusion. The concentration was raised above normal by amino acid infusion thereby ameliorating the deficit of this amino acid. Synthesis and degradation of rapidly-turning over proteins in renal cortical cells was examined in vitro. Renal protein synthesis in cortical slices was assessed by measurements of tissue leucine specific radioactivity and cycloheximide-inhibitable [14C]leucine incorporation into protein. Protein synthesis in regenerating tissue was 52% higher than normal and was not increased further by glucose infusion. In contrast, amino acid infusion increased the rate 47% above that observed after an isocaloric glucose infusion, thereby demonstrating that amino acid enhancement of protein synthesis is superimposed upon the increased synthetic rate observed during renal regeneration. Renal protein degradation remained at the normal rate after amino acid infusion, but was increased in regenerating tissue and after glucose infusion. These results indicate that infused amino acids act on the kidney to enhance protein synthesis and reduce protein degradation in regenerating renal cells after acute tubular necrosis.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182960

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Gastric secretion (volume, pepsin and acid output) was measured in the basal state and during graded doses of intravenous pentagastrin (0.02,0.2 and 2 µg/kg/h) in 5 patients with moderate to severe renal failure. On one occasion they also received intravenous cimetidine (1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.5 mg/kg/h). Sustained cimetidine concentrations of approximately 2 µg/ml (8 nmol/ml) were associated with a 75–90% inhibition of stimulated acid output, reflecting both a reduction in volume and a lower acid concentration. Pepsin output was less depressed by cimetidine, as the pepsin concentration of the gastric juice actually increased in response to combined pentagastrin and cimetidine administration. It is concluded that renal failure, although affecting cimetidine pharmacokinetics, does not appreciably alter the response to the d

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182961

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

66 patients from 5 dialysis centers were surveyed for the prevalence of HBV markers. Their immune status was evaluated by studying parameters of cellular and humoral immunity. Results showed that all patients had depressed T cell numbers while B cell counts, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and C3 levels were normal. However, the group of patients who had persistent HBs antigenemia also had persistence of HBeAg, negative responsiveness to skin testing and high IgE levels. The group with HBsAb had negative reactions for skin testing, and the group with no HBV markers had no further abnormalities. These results suggest that the presence and type of HBV marker influences the immune pattern in the hemodialyzed patient.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182962

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The inhibition of glycolysis by an inhibitor of glucose utilization isolated from urine of the uremic subjects reflects in: (1) decreased platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate, adrenaline, or collagen, respectively; (2) decreased platelet factor 4 release induced by the same inductors; (3) decreased availability of platelet factor 3, and (4) inhibition of retraction of reptilase clot. It is concluded that the inhibition of glycolysis by ‘inhibitor of glucose utilization’ contributes to the functional changes of platelets and thus to the alteration of hemostasis in uremic patie

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182963

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on the serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, growth hormone (GH) and cortisol were evaluated in 38 adult patients with primary nephrotic syndrome and with normal renal function, and in 10 normal subjects. 14 patients had a diabetic-like response and 24 were not different from controls. In both groups of patients an increase in insulin pool secretion, probably due to elevated serum GH levels, was observed. The increased GH values were not related to serum albumin nor to urinary protein losses. No significant difference in serum cortisol values was observed in patients with nephrotic syndrome as compared to controls. There was no strict correlation between the various histologic lesions and the metabolic abnormalities. However, patients with a diabetic-like response to OGTT had a higher frequency of membranous glomerulopathy or focal glomerular sclerosis.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182964

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Studies were undertaken to explore the role of changes in serum calcium on blood pressure and the blood pressure response to antihypertensive drugs which block the renin-angiotensin axis. In 47 control experiments the baseline mean arterial pressure was 103.9 ± 1.29 mm Hg. After significant reduction of serum calcium in 26 experiments by thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX; n = 18) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) infusion (n = 8) the mean arterial pressure was lower at 101.8 ± 2.94 mm Hg (p < 0.05). In 12 paired experiments TPTX reduced the mean arterial pressure from 107.8 ± 2.3 to8.5 9 ± 3.3 mm Hg (p < 0.01). In 10 experiments with different doses of EDTA infusion there was a linear correlation between serum calcium and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.91 p < 0.001). Plasma renin activity in normocalcemic animals was 1.52 ± 0.29 ng/ml/h and increased to 3.76 ± 0.85 ng/ml/h in hypocalcemic animals (p < 0.05). In 30 experiments in which angiotensin blockade was used in normocalcemic animals, the blood pressure decreased by -9.6 ± 1.8 mm Hg. in 22 hypocalcemic dogs the blood pressure decreased by –15.3 ± 1.93 mm Hg after angiotensin blockade with the same doses of the drugs (p < 0.05). In 5 paired experiments saralasin reduced blood pressure -2.2 ± 5.09 mm Hg (n. s.) under control normocalcemic conditions, but after being rendered hypocalcemic (TPTX) saralasin reduced blood pressure from 97.4 ± 7.02 to 83.6 ± 5.73 mm Hg (p < 0.01). Finally, there was a correlation between serum calcium and decrease in mean arterial pressure in response to saralasin (r = 0.766, p < 0.01) and in response to captopril (r = 0.6042, p < 0.05). In these investigations reduction of serum calcium decreased blood pressure, increased plasma renin activity, and potentiated the vasodepressor effects of saralasin and captopril. Elevations of calcium blunted the effects of

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182965

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chronic renal failure was induced in rabbits by cauterization of one kidney and subsequent contralateral nephrectomy. After 3 and 8 months duration of uremia the 24-hour accumulation rate of radioactive cholesterol into the intima-media part of the thoracic aorta was measured. A significant higher uptake rate was found only in the 8 months uremic rabbits. In these rabbits macroscopic changes of the thoracic aorta were noted with dilatation, increased wall thickness and calcifications. In the 3 months uremic rabbits no morphological changes were seen. In the 8 months group of uremic rabbits the aortic concentration of calcium, phosphate and magnesium was 20-fold increased. In the 3 months group of uremic rabbits only the aortic calcium concentration was significantly increased. In none of the groups was the aortic cholesterol concentration increased. In rabbits long-term uremia induced aortic calcifications and an increased uptake rate of labelled plasma cholesterol but no net cholesterol accumulation could be demonstrated.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182966

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A patient with sarcoidosis and chronic renal failure was treated for hyperphosphatemia with aluminum hydroxide. The subsequent fall in serum phosphorus was followed by the development of hypercalcemia and nephrolithiasis. Corticosteroid therapy normalized the serum calcium and halted the progression of the nephrolithiasis, but did not improve renal function. Hyperphosphatemia may have blocked the expression of sarcoid hypercalcemia in the patient. The mechanism is unclear but inhibition of the synthesis or action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D may have been involved. Reduction of serum phosphorus may lead to severe hypercalcemia in some patients with sarcoidosis.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182967

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger