ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000181999

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Studies on the natural history of the norepinephrine (NE) model of acute renal failure (ARF) in the dog. Group I (n = 6) was infused with NE into the renal artery (0.75 µg/kg/min × 80 min) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determined sequentially. 21 days post-NE infusion (I) the GFR of the I kidneys (20 ± (SE) 5 ml/min) remained less (p < 0.001) than the pre-I control value (44 ± 2.9). Group II (n = 7) was treated in an identical fashion except that a contralateral nephrectomy (CN) was done on day 7 and the animals were prepared for micropuncture on day 16. In the animals with residual nephron function at CN, the GFR increased (p < 0.02) from 26 ± 6.4 ml/min on day 7 to 38 ± 6.6 ml/min on day 14. Considerable interanimal heterogeneity of single nephron GFR (SNGFR) was demonstrated and morphologic studies revealed a very patchy lesion. Therefore, the model is reversible, heterogeneity of SNGFR is present, and the residual functioning nephrons have the capacity to undergo an increase in GFR aft

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182000

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The response of plasma aldosterone to sequential ultrafiltration dialysis has been studied during 16 sessions and compared with the response to 12 conventional sessions of hemodialysis. During the isolated ultrafiltration phase an important and significant increase in plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity was observed. There was a substantial removal of extracellular fluid, but no change in plasma biochemistry. During conventional hemodialysis over the same time scale the concentration of plasma aldosterone decreased significantly, plasma renin underwent a small increase and plasma osmolality and plasma potassium decreased. Several possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. We conclude that rapid isosmotic ultrafiltration without change in plasma potassium or sodium, the maintenance of plasma potassium at normal elevated values, and the increase of angiotensin IT are factors favoring aldosterone biosynthesis.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182001

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

14 rabbits were made uremic by extensive cauterization and subsequent removal of the contralateral kidney, resulting in a mean plasma creatinine concentration four times the value observed in a sham-operated control group. The animals were killed after 10 weeks of uremia. During the last 7 weeks the rabbits were fed an individually adjusted amount of cholesterol in order to maintain the same elevated level of plasma cholesterol in both groups. The triglyceride concentration was four times higher in the uremic than in the control group. In spite of the same average level of total plasma cholesterol the uremic rabbits had a lower concentration of cholesterol in the VLDL-fraction than the controls. None of the aortas had intimal lesions macroscopically. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the 48-hour accumulation of radioactive cholesterol or in the amount of free and esterified cholesterol in the aortas. Thus, no significant effect on cholesterol accumulation by uremia in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic rabbits was demonstrated.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182002

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The applicability of the ethanol dilution (ED) technique for total body water (TBW) determination in uremic patients was studied. 73 TBW measurements were performed on 28 patients. As the basic parameters underlying the ED technique showed nearly normal values (Widmark factor r = 0.722 ± 0.0786, normal =0.710 ± 0.090 g/kg; β60 =0.121 ± 0.037, normal = 0.140 ± 0.018 g/kg × 60 min; ‘rectilinear’ course ofthe blood ethanol elimination curve), the ED technique for TBW measurements is well applicable to uremic patients. Subclinical hyperhydration was diagnosed (TBW = 57.88 ± 8.08% of body weight, normal = 52.6 ± 5.4%) in 61%

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182003

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Renal acidification in healthy elderly subjects was studied using the short ammonium chloride loading test. No differences in basal urinary acid excretion or urinary pH between elderly and younger subjects were found. After the acid load, the net acid excretion and the percent excretion of the ingested load in 6 h were much less in the elderly. Also, they did not achieve as low a urinary pH as younger persons. Ammonium excretion was reduced in the elderly volunteers, even after correction for GFR. We observed an inverse correlation between urinary pH and ammonium excretion which is statistically significant in younger, but not in elderly subjects. Our results, therefore, show that with age, the capacity to excrete an acid load is diminished due to a reduction in ammonium excretion, independent of decreased GFR. We also noted a small pH gradient defect in the older persons.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182004

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

60 patients were studied 3 months to 4 years after pregnancy. All had high blood pressure, gross proteinuria, and edema. In many cases, typical glomerular lesions and proteinuria disappeared rapidly. When arteriolar lesions are of grade I or II, they progressively disappear or remain unchanged and blood pressure returns to normal values. When arteriolar lesions are of grade III (endotheliitis, hyperplasia and edema of the media and subendothelial deposits), blood pressure remains at a high level or increases, without changes during the time of observation of the arteriolar lesion or of renal function.

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182005

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182006

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182007

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1660-8151    

DOI:10.1159/000182008

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1980

数据来源: Karger