摘要:

AbstractBecause of the growing interest in prospective trials of dietary and chemopreventive interventions for cancer, we studied the characteristics of persons likely to participate in such investigations. The study population consisted of a random sample of 576 persons who had previously attended the Prevention‐Detection Center at Roswell Park Memorial Institute to receive a cancer screening examination and a risk assessment. Data were collected using a mailed questionnaire. Of the respondents, 77% indicated some degree of interest in participating in a cancer prevention study involving dietary changes, 27% indicated a definite interest and 50% indicated a possible interest. A similar pattern of response was obtained with respect to participation in a cancer prevention study that involves subjects taking medication, such as vitamin supplements. The findings suggest that those who are the most interested in participating in cancer prevention research are more likely to (on average) a) be younger, b) better educated, c) have higher annual family incomes, d) be regular vitamin users, e) have greater awareness of the possible link between dietary practices and cancer risk, f) be more concerned about getting cancer, and g) be more likely to believe that changes in dietary practices can decrease the cancer risk. These findings may have important implications for the planning and conduct of prospective trials of cancer prophylaxis.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588509513855

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis article critically reviews the existing, although limited, literature concerning trans fatty acids and tumorigenesis. Neither epidemiological nor experimental studies published to date have demonstrated any valid association between trans fatty acid ingestion and tumorigenesis. A recent study showed that under controlled conditions, a fat with a high content of‘trans fatty acids did not promote the development of mammary tumors induced in rats by 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to any greater extent than did a comparable fat with a high content of as fatty acids. In addition, in this study a high trans fat was less tumor promoting than was a blend of fats that simulated the dietary fat composition of the United States and had a lower level of trans fatty acids. Another study using comparable cis and trans fats demonstrated that the high trans fat did not affect the growth and metastasis of implanted mammary tumors in mice relative to the high cis fat. Also, two recent studies reported no significant difference in the development of induced colon tumors in ratsfed diets high in cis or trans fatty acids. The results of these and other studies are consistent with the conclusion that trans fatty acids are not uniquely related to tumor development.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588509513856

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractDietary fiber is one of several variables being considered in the study of the relationship between diet and cancer. Intervention trials in which dietary fiber is increased are the most direct way of assessing the possible role of fiber in this disease. Two dietary snack products have been developed for use in a fiber intervention study: the high‐fiber snack (HFS), which supplies 23 g of dietary fiber per day (mostly from wheat bran) and the low‐fiber product (LFS), which provides 3.5 g. Over a 12‐week period, 28 volunteers consumed the HFS for 6 weeks and the LFS for 6 weeks. Compliance, as assessed by reports, through recovery of a riboflavin marker in the urine and fecal fiber analysis, was good. The only adverse effects reported were mild abdominal discomfort and gas. Serum ferritin and calcium decreased in some subjects, indicating a need to supplement the products with these essential minerals. Consumption of the snacks did not affect total energy intake or the intake of the nutrients monitored.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588509513857

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractFibronectin is a glycoprotein found mainly on fibroblast cell surfaces. Cultured human skin fibroblasts grow as monolayers in regular linear and whorl‐shaped patterns. Exposure to a certain vitamin E analogue, D‐α‐tocopheryl‐polyethylene‐glycol‐1000‐succinate, induces concentration‐dependent morphological and pattern changes. Using indirect immuno‐fluorescence techniques, fibronectin, a cell protein associated with cell structure and intercellular patterns, was identified within the cells and the intercellular spaces. At a low concentration, the vitamin E analogue caused inhibition of the intercellular distribution of fibronectin without changes in intracellular fibronectin or significant disruption of the morphological patterns. At higher concentrations morphological changes ensued. These data suggest that the mechanism of vitamin E‐induced morphological and intercellular pattern changes may not be manifested through inhibition of fibronectin deposition or secretion.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588509513858

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractNutritional status and food intake were recorded for 28 patients with cancer of the larynx and 13 patients with cancer of the pharynx. All patients were without distant metastases and received radiotherapy with a curative intent. No patients were nutritionally depleted when treatment began.Treatment did not induce changes in nutritional status or food intake in patients with cancer of the larynx. The mean energy intake was 135% of the basal metabolic rate (BMR), and the protein intake was 1 g/kg/day.In versely, patien ts with cancer of the pharynx suffered a mean loss of body weigh t of 5 kg (p<.01), which was almost equally divided between fat tissue (—2.2 kg) and fat‐free cell mass (—2.6 kg). There were only minor or no changes in serum albumin and serum transferrin. Mean energy intake was 121% of BMR, and the mean protein intake was 0.9 g/kg/day.Neither nutritional support during admission nor dietetic instructions managed to preserve the nutritional status in patients with cancer of the pharynx. Therefore, these patients need a more intensified nutritional therapy, such as tube feeding.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588509513859

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis study was designed to determine whether an estrogenic mechanism is in volved in dietary fat‐modulated tumor development and growth. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats were placed on a semipurified low‐fat (2% fat), high‐saturated fat (20% fat), or high‐polyunsaturatedfat (20% fat) diet at 21 days of age. A single dose of7,12‐dimethylbenz[at]anthracene (DMBA, 10 mg) was administered intragastrically at 50 days of age. Two studies were performed. One tested the effectiveness of antiestrogen treatment (either tamoxifen or analog II) on tumor development when it was given one week prior to and one week after DMBA treatment in animals consuming a high‐polyunsaturated fat diet. The second six‐week study tested the antiestrogen effectiveness in arresting tumor growth and in producing regressions of established DMBA‐induced tumors in rats consuming various levels and types of fat.The results of these studies indicate that both antiestrogens employed reduced the rate of growth and increased the number of regressions of established DMBA‐induced tumors. In general, this was true in animals fed diets with a high content of either saturated or polyunsaturated fats and to a lesser extent in animals fed a low‐fat diet. Tamoxifen produced a somewhat greater reduction in the growth of established tumor than did analog II. However, analog II, which is a more biologically“pure”antiestrogen, reduced the incidence of animals with mammary tumors and total tumor burden when administered one week beforeandone week after DMBA dosing. Tamoxifen, which is a partial estrogen‐agonist, did not alter tumor incidence, but it did reduce the total tumor burden under these same experimental conditions. We concluded that estrogens may be partially responsible for the observed dietary fat enhancement of breast tumor development.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588509513860

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588509513861

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1985

数据来源: Taylor