摘要:

AbstractThe literature is reviewed for evidence concerning the relation between caloric intake, body weight, and cancer. Convincing experimental data regarding caloric intake and benign and malignant tumor incidence have been available since the 1940s and demonstrate that caloric restriction significantly reduces tumor incidence for a variety of tumor types in several animal models. Some epidemiological investigations provide evidence for a positive calorie‐cancer association in humans, although it is difficult (in these studies) to separate the effects of calories per se from those of dietary fat. A larger number of investigations have evaluated body weight alone, and high relative body weight or high caloric intake has been associated with increased risk of cancer of the breast, colon, rectum, prostate, endometrium, kidney, cervix, ovary, thyroid, and gallbladder. In contrast, lung, bladder, and stomach cancers appear to be inversely associated with body weight, and some prospective studies of men demonstrate greater total cancer mortality among lean individuals. However, in their analyses, few of these latter investigations considered the effects of cigarette smoking, antecedent illness, or competing causes of death. While the relations between caloric intake, other dietary macronutrients (e.g., fat), and body weight are complex and require further investigation, a complete review of the data suggests that reducing caloric intake and relative body weight may lead to a considerable decrease in cancer risk in humans.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513929

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractSamples of subcutaneous adipose tissue were taken from 100 melanoma patients and 100 matched controls in Sydney in 1984–1985 and were analyzed for constituent fatty acids. The mean percentage of linoleic acid in the triglycerides of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (PLASA T) of these subjects was substantially higher than that in a similar group examined in 1975–1976. In addition, the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found to be higher in the melanoma patients than in the controls (p<0.01), and there were significantly more controls than patients who had a low PLASA T (p<0.01). Relevant literature is quoted and the suggestion is made that increased consumption of dietary polyunsaturates may have a contributory effect in the etiology of melanoma.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513930

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThis study describes the influence of isocalorically fed diets (containing different amounts of fat) on tumor incidence and parameters of fat metabolism in female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Comparisons are made between rats induced with methylnitrosourea (25 mg/kg body wt) and untreated controls (Group I). The animals received either control diets (3.9% fat by weight, Groups I and II) or fat‐enriched diets (10.7%, GroupIII; 15.6%, Group IV; 21.4%, Group V) over a period of 180 days. At the termination of the experiment, intake of the diet containing 10.7% fat by weight (24% fat per total calories) was associated with the highest tumor incidence. Comparing the different diets, liver lipid concentrations in the individual groups increased with increasing dietary fat, whereas the total lipid in plasma decreased. During the feed‐ingperiod, total lipid of the liver and plasma, and plasma cholesterol, increased in all groups, but triglycerides of plasma decreased. However, when plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were calculated as a relative amount of total lipid in plasma, cholesterol was found to be significantly decreased in Groups III and IV, and triglycerides were increased in Group III but decreased significantly in Groups I, II, and Vat the end of the experiment.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513931

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWe investigated the effect of rice and salty rice diets on the physical growth and on theconsti‐tution of urinary steroids in Swiss/ICR mice. The following three kinds of diets were employed in the feeding experiment: 1) standard diet; 2) rice diet; and 3) salty rice diet. Long‐term maintenance of mice on both rice and salty rice diets led to a relative increase of tetrahydrocortisol associated with a concomitant decrease of androgen, progestin, and cholesterol in urine. Evidence was presented to indicate that the activity of endogenous hydrocortisone in mice could be augmented by an increased intake of sodium chloride alone; there was also evidence that the glandular stomach of a young mouse drinking physiological saline is highly sensitive to a sup‐pressive action of hydrocortisone. We concluded that the two experimental diets produced a state of catabolic glucocorticoid excess combined with a deficiency of anabolic androgen and progestin. Mineralocorticoid status was not examined. In the salty rice diet, a markedly lower weight gain was observed, whereas in the rice diet, in general, no significant weight changes were observed.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513932

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractWe undertook a case‐control study regarding the excretions of 14 urinary steroids in gastric cancer (GC) patients. The results are as follows: the levels of androgens, progestins, and two corticosteroids were, relative to tetrahydrocortisol, significantly depressed in GC patients of both sexes compared with the corresponding normal controls. The deviation profile of urinary steroids was not affected by radical gastrectomy. Evidence indicated that observed changes of GC urines were the steroidal expression of a decrease of endogenous testosterone combined with an increase of endogenous hydrocortisone; there was also evidence that the hormonal environment of our GC patients was endocrinologically homologous to that of rice‐fed or salty rice‐fed mice.Epidemiological inquiry revealed that GC patients having more access to rice‐rich or salt‐rich diets were taller and less obese than were rural healthy controls. In agreement with the anthropometric data of those cancer patients is the finding that the specific death rate of GC (as calculated for each of 15 prefectures of northern Japan) was positively correlated for each sex with the mean heights, but not with the mean weights, of 14‐year‐old youths of those areas. This paper discusses the possible relevancy of the hormonal and epidemiological aspects of GC patients to gastrocarcinogenesis in light of steroid physiology.

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513933

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0163-5581    

DOI:10.1080/01635588709513928

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor