摘要:

An Auger spectrum of the lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric thin film PbZrO3–PbTiO3(PZT) is presented. The film was prepared by the sol-gel process on a sputtered Pt substrate. PZT is currently under investigation for use in nonvolatile semiconductor memories. Random access memory based on PZT rests upon the ability of ferroelectric material to possess two distinct polarizations which can remain in either state without an electric power supply.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247688

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An XPS spectrum of the lead zirconate titanate ferroelectric thin film PbZrO3–PbTiO3(PZT) is presented. The film was prepared by the sol-gel process on a sputtered Pt substrate. PZT is currently under investigation for nonvolatile ferroelectric memory applications requiring polarization reversal.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247689

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

XPS spectra are presented for a thin film of a suboxide of boron formed by condensing B2O2(g) on a clean Ag foil substrate. Spectroscopic characterization of boron suboxides are important as these compounds may exist as surface intermediates in the oxidation of solid boron and of boron compounds. The B2O2(g) source consists of a Knudsen cell in which B(s) and B2O3(s) are heated to 1123 K. Mass spectroscopic analysis confirms that only B2O2(g) effuses from the source. The condensed B2O2film has a B 1sbinding energy of 192.55 eV which allows this boron suboxide to be distinguished from the principal boron oxide B2O3, which has a binding energy of 193.5-194.0 eV [W. C. Foo, J. S. Ozcomert, and M. Trenary, Surf. Sci.255, 245 (1991)].

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247690

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

High resolution XPS measurements of the C 1s, including energy losses and the valence band regions, are presented for a polycrystalline diamond film. These spectra are useful for comparison to the graphite and C60forms of carbon.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247691

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An Amoco P55X pitched-based carbon fiber surface was analyzed with both core level and valence band XPS. Compared to Du Pont pitch-based carbon fibers with different modulus and Hercules PAN-based carbon fibers, the P55X fiber had more oxygen content on the surface than the higher modulus, pitch-based carbon fibers (e.g., Du Pont E-120 and E-75 fibers), but less than the lower modulus pitch based carbon fiber (Du Pont E-35) and PAN-based carbon fibers (Hercules AU4 and AS4). [See Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Appl. Spectrosc.43, 1153 (1989); Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992).] The P55X fiber also had a fairly good graphitic structure in both the surface and the bulk as evidenced by both XPS and XRD. No nitrogen was found on this P55X fiber nor on the other pitch-based carbon fiber surfaces, but it was found on the PAN-based fibers. Our previously reported work [Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992)], showed that XPS valence band spectra were more sensitive to chemical environment on the carbon fiber surface than core level spectra and could be well interpreted by X–αcalculations with model compounds. In this work, the valence band spectrum showed that there were at least two different types of oxygen species on the P55X fiber surface. The two well separated O 2sfeatures in the P55X fiber valence band spectrum were both more significant than those in the E-75 fiber valence band spectrum, but less than those in the E-35 fiber valence band.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247692

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Both XPS core level and valence band spectra were obtained from Du Pont E-35 pitch-based carbon fiber surface. The XPS data showed that the E-35 fiber had more oxygen on the surface than the higher modulus pitch-based carbon fibers (e.g., Du Pont E-120 and E-75, and Amoco P55X carbon fibers), but less than the PAN-based carbon fibers (Hercules AU4 and AS4). [See Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Appl. Spectrosc.43, 1153 (1989); Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992).] The E-35 fiber also had a fairly good graphitic structure in both the surface and the bulk as evidenced by both XPS and XRD. No nitrogen was found on this E-35 fiber and other pitch-based carbon fiber surfaces, but it was found on PAN-based fibers. Our previously reported work [Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992)], showed that XPS valence band spectra were more sensitive to chemical environment on the carbon fiber surface than core level spectra, and could be well interpreted by X–αcalculations with model compounds. In this work, the valence band spectrum showed that there were at least two different types of oxygen species on the E-35 fiber surface. The two well separated O 2sfeatures in the E-35 fiber valence band spectrum were both more significant than those in the E-75 fiber valence band spectrum.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247693

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Both XPS core level and valence band spectra were obtained from Du Pont E-75 pitch-based carbon fiber surface. The XPS data showed that the E-75 fiber had more oxygen content on the surface than the Du Pont higher modulus pitch-based carbon fiber (E-120), but less than the lower modulus pitch-based carbon fibers (Amoco P55X fiber and Du Pont E-35 fiber) and the PAN-based carbon fibers (Hercules AU4 and AS4). [See Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Appl. Spectrosc.43, 1153 (1989); Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992).] The E-75 fiber also had a graphitic structure in both the surface and the bulk as evidenced by both XPS and XRD. No nitrogen was found on this E-75 fiber and other pitch-based carbon fiber surfaces, but it was found on PAN-based fibers. Our previously reported work [Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992)], showed that XPS valence band spectra were more sensitive to chemical environment on the carbon fiber surface than core level spectra and could be well interpreted by X–αcalculations with model compounds.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247639

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Both XPS core level and valence band spectra were obtained from an E-120 high modulus pitch-based carbon fiber surface. The XPS data show that the E-120 fiber had the least oxygen content on the surface compared to various other pitch-based (e.g., E-35, E-75,P-55X, etc.) and PAN based carbon fibers (e.g., AU4, TypeII, etc.). [See Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Appl. Spectrosc.43, 1153 (1989); Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992).] E-120 also had the most graphitic structure in both the surface and the bulk among these fiber samples as evidenced by both XPS and XRD. No nitrogen was found on E-120 and other pitch-based carbon fiber surfaces but it was found on PAN-based fibers. Our previously reported work [Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992)], showed that XPS valence band spectra were more sensitive to chemical environment on the fiber surface than core level spectra and could well be interpreted by X–αcalculations with model components.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247640

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Courtauds type II PAN-based carbon fiber surface was analyzed with both core level and valence band XPS. Compared to Du Pont and Amoco pitch-based carbon fibers with different moduli, the Courtauds type II PAN-based fiber had much more oxidized components on the surface [See Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Appl. Spectrosc.43, 1153 (1989); Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992).] The type II fiber had a much less graphitic structure in both the surface and the bulk than the pitch-based fibers as evidenced by both the XPS and XRD. It also had a notable nitrogen content on its surface but less than the Hercules AU4-12k and AS4-6k PAN-based fibers. However, no nitrogen was found on any of the pitch-based carbon fibers measured in our laboratory. Our previously reported work [Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992)], showed that XPS valence band spectra were more sensitive to chemical environment on the carbon fiber surface than core level spectra and could well be interpreted by X–αcalculations with model compounds. In this work, the valence band spectrum showed that there were nitrogen and different types of oxygen species on the type II fiber surface.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247641

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Hercules AU4 PAN-based carbon fiber surface was analyzed with both core level and valence band XPS. Compared to Du Pont and Amoco's pitch-based carbon fibers with different modulus, the AU4 fiber had more oxidized components on the surface than the pitch-based carbon fibers. [See Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Appl. Spectrosc.43, 1153 (1989); Chem. Mater.1, 417 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992).] The AU4 PAN-based fiber had a much less graphitic structure in both the surface and the bulk than the pitch-based fibers as evidenced by both XPS and XRD. It also had a small amount of nitrogen in its structure, but no nitrogen was found on the pitch-based carbon fiber surfaces. Our previously reported work [Y. Xie and P. M. A. Sherwood, Chem. Mater.1, 427 (1989);2, 293 (1990); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 797 (1990); Chem. Mater.3, 164 (1991); Appl. Spectrosc.44, 1621 (1990);45, 1158 (1991); Y. Xie, T. Wang, O. Franklin, and P. M. A. Sherwood,ibid.46, 645 (1992)], showed that the XPS valence band spectra were more sensitive to chemical environment on the carbon fiber surface than core level spectra and could be well interpreted by X–αcalculations with model compounds. In this work, the valence band spectrum showed that there were nitrogen and at least two different types of oxygen species on the AU4 fiber surface.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247642

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1992

数据来源: AIP