摘要:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of amorphous carbon nitride films have been performed. The samples were prepared by magnetic filtered plasma deposition, and cleaned by Ar+ion sputtering before analysis to eliminate the surface contamination. The spectra include standard survey scans and high resolution scans of the photoelectron peaks of C, N, and O atoms. These spectra were collected using a monochromatic MgKαx-ray source operated at 300 W (20 mA, 15 kV). The survey scans were collected using an 80 eV pass energy, while high resolution scans were recorded using a 20 eV pass energy. By deconvolution of the XPS spectra, it was found that the XPS C 1sand N 1ssignals could be deconvoluted into three and two Gaussian peaks, respectively. A plausible suggestion on the assignments of XPS peaks toC3N4,CNx,and ta-C phases was discussed. The relative abundance of CN bonds, calculated from the area of the respective C 1sGuassian peaks divided by the total area of the C 1sspectra, was determined to be 80%, and the actual nitrogen content in films in terms of atomic percentage is 46%.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247923

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Vanadium pentoxide thin films were grown on Al2O3substrates by chemical vapor deposition and on glass substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. While the films deposited on Al2O3are polycrystalline, those grown on glass substrates show a strong (001) preferential orientation and are nanostructured. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the principal core levels for the surface of V2O5films are reported.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247919

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Titanium zirconium nitride (Ti0.53Zr0.47N) coatings have been deposited on polished steel substrates by dc reactive sputtering in a Sputron (Balzers AG) plasma-beam sputtering apparatus at 200 °C. A thin intermediate layer of TiZr (0.08μm) was deposited between the substrate and the 2.8μm thick TiZrN coating. The deposition rate was 12 nm min−1. The partial pressure of nitrogen was 3 × 10−2Pa, while the total working pressure was 2 × 10−1Pa. Using a planetary substrate holder with double rotation, thickness and composition uniformity better than 2% were obtained. The average roughness,Ra,of the substrate was<0.04μm, whereas after the depositionRavalues between 0.06 and 0.08μm were measured for TiZrN coatings. The XPS measurements were performed in an Escalab 200-X spectrometer (VG Instruments) using nonmonochromatized AlKαradiation from a twin Mg/Al anode operating at 300 W. The hemispherical energy analyzer was operated in the CAE mode with a constant pass energy of 20 eV. In the present paper the following spectra are presented: survey spectrum, spectra of major elements titanium, zirconium, and nitrogen (Ti 2p, Zr 3d, and N 1s), spectra of minor elements oxygen and carbon (O 1sand C 1s), and valence band spectrum. Spectra were background subtracted using a Shirley method. Peak positions and widths were determined by least squares fitting.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247920

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Hindsdalite (PbAl3PO4SO4(OH)6) is an environmentally important secondary phosphate mineral. It is of significance geochemically in oxidized zones around sulfidic ore bodies, and in soil, sedimentary, and waste systems. We have used XPS to study the binding energy of primary photoelectrons from an air-exposed, well-formed, small, hexagonal barrel crystal sample (a pseudomorph after pyromorphite). The sample is from Zeehan, Tasmania and was supplied by the Excalibur-Cureton Mineral Company. General survey and high-resolution spectra were collected using a Perkin Elmer Physical Electronics 5200C spectrometer. Adventitious carbon was used for energy referencing. Charge corrected binding energies for the Pb 4f7/2, Pb 4f5/2, P 2p3/2, P 2p1/2, P 2s, O 1s, S 2p3/2, S 2p1/2, and Al 2pphotoelectrons are reported. Two species of Pb and S were observed; likely representing a mixture of both hinsdalite and galena (PbS). These spectra are useful in identifying environmentally important lead phosphate minerals such as hinsdalite in ore bodies, soils, sediments, and phosphate-stabilized waste systems.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247928

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Hydroxylapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH) is an environmentally important secondary phosphate mineral, one of the apatite family of minerals. It is of significance geochemically around ore bodies and in soil, sedimentary, and waste systems. It is also a major inorganic component of vertebrate bone. We have used XPS to study the binding energy of primary photoelectrons from an air-exposed fracture surface of small hydroxylapatite grains exhibiting well-developed conchoidal fracture and vitreous luster. The sample is from Holly Springs, Georgia and is part of the Harvard University Mineralogical Museum’s collection. General survey and high-resolution spectra were collected using a Perkin Elmer Physical Electronics 5200C spectrometer. Adventitious carbon was used for energy referencing. Charge corrected binding energies for the photoelectrons of hydroxylapatite (Ca 2p3/2, Ca 2p1/2,P 2p3/2, P2p1/2,P2s, O 1s) are reported. The charge corrected binding energies of photoelectrons for other elements present in the natural sample (F 1s, S 2p3/2, and S 2p1/2) are also reported. The F and the S (as sulfate) are likely isomorphic substitutions for hydroxyl groups and phosphate in the mineral. A potential mineral formula of Ca5(PO4)1.5(SO4)1.5(OH)0.5F0.5is proposed. The binding energies for hydroxylapatite are useful in identifying environmentally important calcium phosphate minerals such as hydroxylapatite in ore bodies, soils, sediments, and phosphate-stabilized waste systems.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247925

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Plumbogummite (PbAl3(PO4)2(OH)5⋅H2O) is an environmentally important secondary phosphate mineral. We have used XPS to study the binding energy of primary photoelectrons from the air-exposed surface of a sample of dull blue botryoidal or tuberose masses. The sample is from Cumberland, England and was supplied by Excalibur-Cureton Mineral Company. General survey and high-resolution spectra were collected using a Perkin Elmer Physical Electronics 5200C spectrometer. Charge corrected binding energies for the Pb 4f7/2, Pb 4f5/2, P 2p3/2, P 2p1/2, O 1s, and Al 2pphotoelectrons are reported. Two species of Pb were observed; likely representing a mixture of both plumbogummite and PbO. Additionally, charge corrected binding energies for Si 2pare reported. The Si is from the host quartz. The reported binding energies are useful in identifying environmentally important lead-phosphate minerals such as plumbogummite in ore bodies, soils, sediments, and phosphate-stabilized waste systems.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247926

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl) is an environmentally important secondary phosphate mineral, one of the apatite family of minerals. It is of significance geochemically in ore, soil, sedimentary, and waste systems. We have used XPS to study the binding energy of primary photoelectrons from the powder of a well-fractured massive block sample. The sample is from Telemark, Norway and is part of the Harvard University Mineralogical Museum’s collection. General survey and high-resolution spectra were collected using a Perkin Elmer Physical Electronics 5200C spectrometer. Adventitious carbon was used for energy referencing. Charge corrected binding energies for the photoelectrons of chlorapatite (Ca 2p3/2, Ca 2p1/2, P 2p3/2, P 2p1/2, P 2s, O 1s, Cl 2p3/2, and Cl 2p1/2) are reported. The charge corrected binding energy for Si 2pphotoelectrons of either isomorphically substituted silicate (e.g., Ca5(PO4,SiO4)3Cl) or host quartz present in the natural sample is also reported. The observed binding energies are useful in identifying environmentally important calcium phosphate minerals such as chlorapatite in ore bodies, soils, sediments, and phosphate-stabilized waste systems.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247927

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Whitlockite (β-Ca3(PO4)2) is an environmentally important secondary phosphate mineral. It is of significance geochemically around ore bodies, and in soil, sedimentary, and waste systems. We have used XPS to study the binding energy of primary photoelectrons from air-exposed rhombohedral whitlockite crystals. The sample is from Groton, New Hampshire and is part of the Harvard University Mineralogical Museum’s collection. General survey and high-resolution spectra were collected using a Perkin Elmer Physical Electronics 5200C spectrometer. Adventitious carbon was used for energy referencing. Charge corrected binding energies for the photoelectrons present in whitlockite (Ca 2p3/2, Ca 2p1/2, P 2p3/2, P 2p1/2, P 2s, and O 1s) are reported. Additionally, charge corrected binding energies for the photoelectrons of other elements present in the natural sample are reported (Pb 4f7/2, Pb 4f5/2, and Si 2p). The Pb is likely an isomorphic substitution for Ca in the whitlockite, and the Si is from the host quartz. The reported binding energies are useful in identifying environmentally important calcium-phosphate minerals such as whitlockite in ore bodies, soils, sediments, and phosphate-stabilized waste systems.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247924

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Adsorption of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF) on surfaces of (100) oriented single-crystalline silicon and the native oxide was investigated byin situx-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at room temperature. A significant component at 687.0 eV binding energy in the observed XPS spectra of the F 1score level is estimated to be derived from adsorbed HF molecules.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247921

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

XPS measurements on epitaxial thin films of the Tl cuprate superconductors Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8, Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10, and Tl0.78Bi0.22Ba0.4Sr1.6Ca2Cu3O9−δare presented. These data, together with previous measurements in this lab on Tl2Ba2CuO6−δand TlBa2CaCu2O7−δ, comprise a comprehensive data set for comparison of Tl cuprates in which the number of Tl–O and Cu–O layers, and hence the chemical and electronic properties, vary.

ISSN:1055-5269    

DOI:10.1116/1.1247922

出版商:American Vacuum Society    

年代:1999

数据来源: AIP