摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a simple closed‐form equation that can be used to predict autoignition behavior of energetic materials (EM) over a very wide range of heating rates. In many situations, this equation can be used in place of computer‐based numerical methods to calculate munition cookoff ignition temperatures and heating times.A simple model for predicting the violence of slow cookoff reactions that is also presented, matches small‐scale test data and demonstrates the elements that must be present in an a priori formulation of the pr

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19970220202

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenerally speaking, today's small‐calibre munitions, filled with conventional melt‐cast or pressed high explosives, are classified in the 1.1 or 1.2 Hazard Divisions because they explode when exposed to various threats, such as fuel fire and sympathetic detonation. The RDX‐based B2238 composition is a low‐cost and less sensitive cast PBX originally developed by SNPE for the initiation of cast PBX main charges. While it is easily initiated with conventional detonators, B2238 offers the same degree of insensitivity as other cast PBXs used for main charges (HEXABU 88A or OCTORANE 86B for example) and does not explode when exposed to fire and/or bullet impact. Feasibility tests carried out on several types of small‐calibre munitions have shown B2238 explosive filling to be an excellent solution in the design of small calibre insensitive munitions with a high performance (in terms of fragments and shaped charge jet) comparable to that of the most energetic conventional high explosives such as 98RDX/2wax. As a result, the new IM standards, currently being defined, should allow in the future to reclassify the small‐calibre munitions filled with B2238 in Hazard Divisions other than

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19970220203

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this short paper we report the relationship between friction sensitiveness data for high explosives obtained using the BAM friction and Rotary friction test methods. Although both methods can be used in evaluating safety in transport, in other hazard assessments only the BAM test is specified. The results of this study could therefore have significance in reducing the burden of additional testing in those cases where Rotary friction data are already available.

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19970220204

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions, there were detected burning products of pyrotechnic compositions based on red phosphorus with epoxy resin being especially trihydrogenphosphoric acid, tetrahydrogendiphosphoric acid and mixture ofcyclo‐triphosphoric acid,cyclo‐tetraphosphoric acid andcyclo‐hexaphosphoric acid. In burning products of pyrotechnic composition with magnesium added there was detected onlycyclo‐triphosphoric acid among cyclic derivatives. Phosphorous aerodispersions generated from smoke grenades containing these pyrotechnic compositions under field conditions could screen infrared radiation (0.82 μm, 3–5 μm, 10.6 μm wavelengths) with high efficiency. Examined pyrotechnic compositions of plasticized red phosphorus with epoxy resin proved to be suitable for smoke grenades of modern construction with both fast and slower generation of phosphorous ae

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19970220205

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this research, the RDX yield from nitrolysing hexamethylenetetramine (hexamine, HA) together with methylenedinitramine (MDNA) in 90% nitric acid was more than 100%. It was found that MDNA decomposed completely in 90% nitric acid, forming O(CH2ONO2)2, while in HNO3NH4NO3system the decomposed fragments of MDNA condensed into RDX. On the basis of the comparison of the experimental results to the1H‐NMR spectra obtained by following the decomposition reaction of MDNA with nitric acid, the intermediate, HOCH2NHNO2, was postulated as one of the possible precursors to RDX both in Hale and in K proc

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19970220206

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing the International Treaty held in London and Oslo in 1972 and its amendment in Paris in 1992 on banning the dumping of hazardous and toxic waste at sea, large stockpiles of unwanted munition are now awaiting disposal. Public awareness, environmental concern and legislation are preventing the disposal of this explosive waste by landfill, detonation and open pit burning. One solution to this dilemma is to recover the waste from the containers and recycle or dispose of the waste in an environmentally sensitive manner.Preliminary investigations have been conducted at Cranfield University in developing explosive compositions which can be safely recovered and recycled. Pyrotechnic compositions were prepared containing water soluble binders and pressed into pellets. Performance and sensitivity tests were carried out on the pellets. Inclusion of water soluble binders into pyrotechnic compositions did not have any detrimental effect on their performance. However, there was a 33% reduction in the Figure of Insensitiveness (F of I) in all cases except for the composition containing Dextrin. This had a similar F of I to the control pyrotechnic composition. The pellets containing Dextrin were immersed in water. 97% of the pyrotechnic components were successfully recovered from the water by filtration and recrystallization. The recovered components were recycled into new pyrotechnic compositions which performed just as well as the original composition. The results from this preliminary investigation show that recovery and recycling of pyrotechnic components is feasible for compositions containing water soluble binders.

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19970220207

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to improve of mechanical properties at low temperature region, 3,3‐bis(azidomethyl)oxetan (BAMO), 3‐nitratomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane (NMMO) and polyester (PE) copolymer were synthesized by using polyester initiator with boron trifluoride etherate. The molar ratio of each units in the BAMO/NMMO/PE copolymer was 7.4/2.6/0.39 according to the1H‐NMR spectrum analysis and was almost exactly the same composition as the monomer fed (7/3/0.33). The relative composition of triad microstructures was same as theoretical value and they were randomly arranged. The PE, which was a replacement of 1,4‐butanediol, acted as an excellent soft segment in the copolymer, and the glass transition point of the elastomer was 4.8 degrees lowered by the replacement. This effect was also verified in the mechanical properties of the composite propellant and the tensile elongation was increased from 15% to 40%percnt

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19970220208

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is possible to record a detonation wave profile and to conduct a detailed analysis on its various symmetrical levels and on the rotational symmetry of a detonation wave in only “one” test by using a specific streak mask and applying multi streak or flash gap techni

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19970220209

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe conventional thermal theories are inventively modified for analyzing the ignition behaviors of solid propellants. Based on the modification of the thermal theory with the boundary condition of constant heat flux, the effects of heat flux, pressure, threshold of heat flux and absorbability on the radiant ignition of solid propellant are elaborated. The innovations of theoretical analyses are consistent with most of experimental results depicted in literatures. That the increase of hot gas velocity increases the ignition time of solid propellant is verified to be attributable to the decrease of hot gas temperature, ascertaining insight of the thermal theory with the boundary condition of flowing hot gas. In addition, a tentative estimation of pressurization rate effect on ignition time of solid propellant is proposed.

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19970220210

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19970220211

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY