摘要:

AbstractThe temperature sensitivity of burning rate of ammonium perchlorate (AP) composite propellants was studied as a function of AP particle size and a burning rate catalyst. A simplified temperature sensitivity model was presented in order to discriminate the effect of the gas phase and solid phase reactions on the initial propellant temperature (T0). The temperature sensitivity was decreased by the addition of small sized AP particles and/or 2,2‐bis(ethylferrocenyl)propane (BEFP). This is caused by the insensitive burning surface temperature to T0. Thus, the gas phase reaction rate becomes little dependent on T0, and the temperature sensitivity decrease

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120602

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA simple approach involving the chemical valences of the fuel and the oxidizer elements present in a combustible mixture is described to evaluate the energetics related parameters of propellants, fuels and explosives. It simplifies the stoichiometric balancing of complex combustion equations, and provides an easy method of calculating the elemental stoichiometric coefficient. The method correctly predicts whether a mixture is fuel‐lean, fuel‐rich or stoichiometrically balanced. The calorimetric value of various stoichiometrically balanced combustible systems has been shown to be linearly dependent upon their total oxidizing (or reducing) valences. This relationship has been used successfully to evaluate the calorific value of fossil fuels. For fuel‐rich explosives, a new valence dependent parameter has been derived which is found to be related with properties such as detonation velocity, heat of explosion and impact sensit

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120603

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUpon looking for energetic, heat‐resistant nitropolymers we selected aromatic compounds containing nitro groups, the synthesis of which is based on the Ullmann reaction. Using dichlorotrinitrobenzene as the basic substance, we prepared polynitropolyphenylene in nitrobenzene by co‐using copper powder. These consist of nitrated benzene chains of different lengths. Depending on production and processing, polymers with a variety of characteristics are prepared. Their characteristics are described herein. They are distinguished by thermal stability, low crystallization and energetic behaviour. Combined with inert binding agents and perhaps softeners, they may be used as high‐temperature resistant explosive binding a

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120604

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRelative hydrolysis rates were determined for a series of 14 nitrosubstituted esters and some comparison compounds in 75/25 acetonitrile/water at 75.3°C. The nitroalkyl esters were found to undergo unexpectedly rapid hydrolysis relative to other negatively substituted alkyl esters such as fluoroalkyl. To explain this result, participation of the nitro group in the hydrolysis, especially in the case of trinitromethyl compounds, is postulated. Nitro groups in the acid portion of the ester molecule can increase or decrease the reactivtiy towards hydrolysis, depending on the site of substitution

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120605

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of shock waves on crystal macrostructure and its physical and technological consequences are discussed. The size of crystal particles grain corresponding to the transition of solid into amorphous state is estimated. The magnitudes of microstrains in crystals during their grinding are calculated. It is shown that under shock‐wave treatment the grain size and microstrain are usually about 10 times differed from the values in amorphous substances. The possibility of amorphization during chemical interaction under shock compression is shown. Phase transformations with change of stoichiometry under shock waves prove a perspective synthetic metho

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120606

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn the basis of relevant experimental phenomena and results, which also include the results on the domain of non‐propellant combustion, this paper has determined basic reactions caused by lead burning rate catalysts in the combustion process and their approximate reaction temperature. In the presence of carbonaceous matter on the burning surface the partial NO is reduced to N2through six reactions occurred on the carbonaceous matter instead of the reaction between NO and CO. As a result of changing the reducing path of a part of NO the burning rate rises through increasing the temperature gradient in the fizz zone at the burning surface. The reactions between PbO and C and between PbO and CO check the burning rate to rise through expending carbonaceous matter on the burning surface and causing char particles to “fly off” the burning surface. The super‐rate, plateau and mesa effects are perfectly explained with these reactions and the fundamentals of heat transference. The production of the effects arises from the competing of two actions to increase burning rate and to check the burning rate enhancement of lead burning rate catalysts and the effect of the pressure on the burning rate. Because of the fact that the chance to form carbon nuclei and the time of the carbon deposit, the covering ratio of the carbonaceous matter on PbO particles, and the temperature increasing rate and the lagging temperature difference in C‐PbO interfaces depend on the pressure, the ability by the reaction between PbO and C and between PbO and CO checking the burning rate to rise makes a great difference in different ranges of the pressure. In addition, according to the combustion mechanism advanced in the paper the effects of the physical and chemical properties of lead burning rate catalysts, especially their ability to absorb the ultraviolet light, on the rate‐increased values and the pressure ranges of the plateau and the mesa regions have bee

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120607

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120608

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120601

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY