摘要:

AbstractAfter an introducing description about the development of electric firing systems the author tries to answer the question why so many new firing systems were developed within the last years, although the electric firing has reached a high level of elaboration.The following firing systems are described with their advantages and disadvantages: Magnadet system which works on the basis of electric induction, detonators without primary charge as flying plate detonators or exploding bridge wire detonators, and non‐electric firing systems as Nonel‐system and Hercudet‐s

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120402

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA very simple calculational procedure is used to investigate the electronic structure of several classes of organic explosives (polynitroaliphatics with trinitromethyl or fluorodinitromethyl groups, polynitroaromatics, polynitroaliphatic nitramines and aliphatic nitrate esters). The method utilizes a bond electronegativity equalization principle. It is shown that atom charges, bond electronegativities and charge transferred in a bond are all potential indicator quantities for predicting impact sensitivity trends for the various classes. Specifically it is shown that charge transferred to the nitro group through a trigger linkage (CNO2, NNO2, ONO2) can classify and correlate impact sensitivity trends in the compounds studied here. The results also indicate that electronic structure is not sufficient by itself to understand the phenomenon. This work in conjunction with previous work(1)shows that both a global quantity (i.e. related to the whole molecule) and a local quantity (i.e. related to the trigger linkage) are needed to understand impact sensitivity beh

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120403

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults are presented from two‐dimensional computations simulating the development of detonation for various configurations of shaped charges containing inert elements. These calculations were performed using the nonlinear explicit finite‐difference computer code PISCES 2D ELK. The numerical model employed represented the high explosives by a finely zoned Lagrangian mesh and used JWL (Jones‐Wilkins‐Lee) equation of state with C‐J (Chapman‐Jouguet) burn model. The inert elements were modeled by Lagrangian grids and used Mie‐Grueneisen equations of state with a linear relationship between the shock velocity (Us) and particle velocity (Up) fitting the Hugoniot data of the inert materials. The development of detonation waves all around the wave‐shaper are shown in contour plots of pressure at various time steps during the calculations. Mesh plots of the different configurations are also reported. Our simulations are compared with previous radiographic and numerical results for a slab of explosive with an aluminium confinement and with recent not yet published streak‐camera tests on a particular shaped charge configuration with hemispherical wave‐shaper. Our numerical results appear to be in good agreement with th

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120404

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe initiation threshold sensitivity of HNS versus explosive grain size has been measured, using an electric gun, with two flyer thicknesses. The initiation threshold, (kinetic energy of flyer plate), versus explosive grain size shows that the threshold curve increases dramatically at grain size over 5.4 m̈m (for flyer thickness 76.2 m̈m at explosive density 1.6 g/cm3). Minimum critical energies were calculated to be 12.15 ± 0.5 J/cm2and less than 7.0 J/cm2, for flyer thicknesses 76.2 m̈m and 20.0 m̈m, respecti

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120405

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClosed chamber tests on hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) based liquid monopropellants (LPs) were performed at loading densities of about 0.2 g/cm3at both the Fraunhofer‐Institut für Kurzzeitdynamik (EMI‐AFB), and the Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL). The objective of the studies was to investigate the decomposition of the HAN based liquid propellants under various conditions. Pressure and temperatures were measured for both neat and intentionally contaminated monopropellants. Contaminants tested were iron, copper, aluminum, and nickel at concentrations of about 100 ppm. The temperatures were determined using both thermocouples and specially designed temperature (emission) gages. The data illustrate the behavior of the liquid propellants during the decomposition p

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120406

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe combustion mechanism of ammonium perchlorate (AP) composite propellants were studied. The oxidizer‐rich propellants tested were made with excess concentrations of AP particles. The pressure deflagration limit of propellant decreases with increasing the concentration of binder. The combustion wave consists of two reaction regions I and II: the region I is the zone of AP monopropellant flame and the region II is the zone of diffusion flame. The heat flux feedback from the gas phase to the burning surface increases as pressure increases, and the heat flux is responsible for the burning rate characteristic

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120407

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe number of organic fillers for smokeless polyurethan‐insulations hitherto known is rather small. In this paper two general formulae, expanding the range of organic fillers, are described. The first formula describes molecules with linear structures, the second one those with cyclic structures. A common feature of the fillers mentioned above their high (N + O)/C rati

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120408

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120410

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19870120401

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY