摘要:

AbstractMicrowave heating of ammonium nitrate (AN), tetryl, PETN, RDX, HMX, TNT, emulsion explosive, Composition C‐4, and ammonium perchlorate (AP) was carried out at the frequency of 2450 + 50 MHz. The energetic materials were confined in sodalime glass tubes with teflon and silicon rubber plugs. The order of increasing initiation delay time was AN, tetryl, PETN, RDX, HMX, and TNT. Also, the order of the initiation energy of energetic materials was the same when the anode currents of microwave power source were 1.1 A and 0.8 A. The initiation processes of energetic materials were recorded on videotapes which showed that the energetic materials gencrally melted before initiation. The temperatures of energctic matcrials were measured by K‐type (chromel‐alumel) thermocouples and an infrared thermometer. The temperature of each energetic material started to rise rapidly when the temperature neared the meiting point. Initiation occured near the ignition temperature with a delay varying from 6 to 109 se

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19900150502

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTemperature profiling/FTIR is described for the fast thermolysis of four C‐NO2‐containing nitramines whose oxygen content exceeds the balance to CO2. The compounds are [(NO2)3CCH2N(NO2)CH2‐]2(ONDO), [(NO2)3CCH2]2N(NO2) (BTNEN), [Cl(NO2)2CCH2]2N(NO2) (CDNEN), and [F(NO2)2CCH2]2N(NO2) (FDNEN). By themselves, these compounds are found not to be especially exothermic during the rapid decomposition off‐gasing phase probably because of their overoxidized nature. The halogen atoms appear as ClNO and FNO in the gas decomposition p

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19900150503

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData and information reported from reaction dynamics experiments appear to correlate very well with data and calculations from the detonation of chemical explosives. Comparisons are presented of particle and vibratiional velocities, atomic and molecular kinetic energics, time scales for reaction, bond strengths, and shock velocity data. A rationale and method for determining detonation velocities and evidence for rate‐determining kinetics from the reaction dynamics data and molecular dynamics calculations are presented. It is concluded that first order values for detonation characteristics can be calculated from the energy and reaction rate factors considered, and that the methods of reaction dynamics discussed could be applied to the study of probable detonation reactions to give refined quantitative values for detonation processe

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19900150504

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCompaction of aluminium, iron and tungsten powders of particle size 300 BSS has been studied by axisymmetrical geometry. Optimum explosive to powder mass ratio (E/M) to attain maximum density of compact has been determined for different tube diameters in each case. It has been observed that E/M ratio for smaller diameter tube is greater than that of bigger diameter tubes. Explosive and shock wave parameters like velocity of detonation and angle of conical shock wave have also been measured with sulphur coated pin oscillographic technique.

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19900150505

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResults are presented of an experimental investigation of the sensitivity of clouds of high explosive dusts in air to ignition by electrostatic sparks. The sensitivities are derived from determinations of the frequency of ignition of dispersed clouds of dusts when subject to electric sparks of varying energies. In addition to dust composition the parameters considered include the density of the cloud and the particle size distribution. The influence of the discharge circuit characteristics on the ignitability of dust clouds is also investigated. The majority of the tests were conducted with quasi‐static dust clouds, but results are also presented from tests with moving dust clouds. These clearly indicate that the energy required for ignition increases with the velocity of the carrier ga

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19900150506

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDetonation behavior of emulsion explosives sensitized by glass microballoons was studied. The detonation velocity and the failure diameter of emulsion explosives at various densities were measured in two charge configurations: cylindrical charges by ionization pins and conical charges by ionization pins and continuous resistance probes. The effect of microballoon size on detonation velocity and failure diameter was also determined.The behavior of emulsion explosives showed a marked difference from that of other high explosives; the detonation velocity reached its maximum far below the maximum density; the failure diameter increased with increasing density. The detonation velocity extrapolated to infinite diameter deviated increasingly from the predictions of the BKW code and of the Kamlet method as the initial density decreased. Diameter effect curves were downward concave and the diameter effect became more pronounced with increasing density. The temperature had a negligibie effect on the detonation velocity. At a given density, the detonation velocity increased linearly with decreasing microballoon size. The increase in detonation velocity was obscured at low densities by the increasing weight of glass added. I he failure diameter had a linear relationship with the spacing between microballoons.

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19900150507

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn the basis of the published knowledge on micromechanism of detonation initiation, existence was predicted and indirectly proved of the direct relationship between activation energies of low‐temperature non‐autocatalyzed thermolysis of nitramines and nitrosamines, on the one hand, and their sensitivity to impact, on the other. The said relationship is presented as another piece of evidence of identity of the primary fragmentation in the detonation conversion of the above‐mentioned compounds with the primary fragmentation in their thermolysis. At the same time, there was taken notice of the higher thermal reactivity of nitrosamines as compared with their nitramine structural anal

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19900150508

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe derivatisation of diphenylamine (DPA) in single base gun propellants was studied as a function of aging at 80°C. The relative proportions of 2‐nitro DPA and 4‐nitro DPA varied from 32 : 68 to 63 : 37 according to propellant type. Preferences forparasubstitution were seen in experimental lots “stabilized” with 2‐nitroDPA, 4‐nitroDPA and N‐nitrosoDPA. Increasing water content resulted in higher preferences fororthosubstitution. 4‐NitroDPA is a better stabilizer than 2‐nitroDPA. Model studies performed using nitro substituted N‐nitrosamines show that para substitution is preferred in boiling acetic acid. Mechanisms for the conversion of N‐nitrosamines into isomeric nitro derivatives are discussed with relation to the model studies and the behaviour in propellants. Detailed experimental procedures are given for the prepara

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19900150509

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19900150510

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0721-3115    

DOI:10.1002/prep.19900150511

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY