摘要:

Respiratory rates and patterns were studied in 23 patients with acute brain stem infarction using impedance pneumography. Autopsy was obtained in six of eight fatal cases. Pontine lesions were present in all patients, with coexistent infarction of midbrain in four and of medulla in nine. Respiratory rate and pattern abnormalities observed included Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Cheyne- Stokes variant pattern and tachypnea. Abnormalities of respiratory rate and pattern of varying duration were observed at some time in all patients. All patients in whom prominent Cheyne-Stokes respiration or tachypnea were observed had extensive bilateral pontine lesions involving both basal and tegmental portions. However, not all patients with large pontine infarcts had Cheyne-Stokes respiration or tachypnea. Cheyne-Stokes respiration was prominent in four patients (two fatal, two nonfatal). Cheyne-Stokes variant pattern was present frequently in four patients (one fatal, three nonfatal). Sustained tachypnea developed in five patients, four of whom died. In ten patients (one fatal, nine nonfatal), normal respiratory rate and pattern predominated with only rare or occasional appearance of Cheyne-Stokes respiration or Cheyne-Stokes variant pattern, especially during sleep. The types of respiratory rate and pattern abnormalities in acute brain stem infarction were not specifically related to the level of lesions, but rather to the size and bilaterality of the lesions. Respiratory alkalosis was present in varying degrees in most patients with either tachypnea or prominent CSR.

ISSN:0039-2499    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cerebrovascular ring-like fat deposition, which was noted only in hypertensive rats but never observed in normotensive rats even after they had been fed a high-fat cholesterol (HFC) diet for a long time, was successfully developed in the posterior communicating or other cerebrobasal arteries in normotensive rats fed an HFC diet for ten weeks after bilateral or unilateral carotid artery ligation or basilar artery ligation. These posterior communicating arteries with fat deposits were clearly dilated to a significant extent. These findings corroborated the fact that not only high blood pressure but also hemodynamic derangements induced by hypertension or other causes were important factors for the development of fat deposition in cerebral arteries.

ISSN:0039-2499    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Apolipoproteins from human plasma high density (HDL), low density (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were visualized in human arteries employing immunofluorescence techniques. Comparison between the localization patterns in extracranial and intracranial arteries and those in coronary arteries and the aorta was made. ApoA-I from HDL, apoB from LDL, and apoCIII from VLDL, as well as neutral lipid, were all localized to connective tissue and extracellular lipid pools in atherosclerotic lesions, and only to areas of intimal thickening in grossly "uninvolved" arteries. The degree of superposition of localizations was similar in each vascular bed, and within the error resulting from the structural changes due to the focal nature of the atherosclerotic process. These results suggest a broad specificity in localization of apolipoproteins in most arterial lesions, and suggest that no differences in apolipoprotein accumulation exist between extracranial and intracranial arteries, coronary arteries, or the aorta. Variations in prevalence for atherosclerosis in each arterial bed must be accounted for on other bases.

ISSN:0039-2499    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 16-year-old boy, who had sudden left-sided hemiplegia, died two weeks following onset of symptoms. A right carotid angiogram showed stenosis at the termination of the internal carotid artery. The middle cerebral artery had a beaded appearance and some of its branches were occluded. A basal "moyamoya" syndrome and transdural anastomoses were present. At autopsy, multiple intracranial dissecting aneurysms were found. Arteries of the body displayed fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). The relevance of dysplastic changes of intracranial arteries and the relationship to moyamoya syndrome are discussed.

ISSN:0039-2499    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Using a scintillation camera system, hemispheric and regional cerebral blood flow was measured repeatedly during the course after a stroke. In 20 patients who improved clinically mean hemispheric and regional flow and relative weight of rapidly perfused compartment increased, while these values decreased in IS patients, on an average, whose clinical condition deteriorated or did not change. The changes of flow and relative weight were significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, the relationship between changes in clinical condition, scored according to a rating scale, and changes in flow and compartmental weight was proved by significant Spearman rank correlation coefficients. In six cases hyperperfused areas in locations of disturbed neurological function were observed; these areas were found to be ischemic at measurements done early and late in the course after the stroke. This type of hyperperfusion was related to beneficial prognosis. The results indicate a shift of tissue from fast to slowly cleared compartment after a cerebrovascular attack. If tissue morphology is not entirely destroyed, recovery might occur; this results in an increas of recorded weight of rapidly clearing compartments, which correlates to the clinical course.

ISSN:0039-2499    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A study of arterial circles of Willis from a series of 715 consecutive autopsies in Ugandan Africans shows that severity of cerebral atherosclerosis increases with age. No significant difference exists between men and women nor among main tribal groups. The severity is less in Ugandan Africans than in United States blacks but is approximately the same in United States Caucasians. However, the Ugandan Africans show a more severe cerebral atherosclerotic involvement than do the Nigerians.

ISSN:0039-2499    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Platelet aggregability was measured using the screen filtration pressure (SFP) method in SO elderly healthy people, 93 persons with essential hypertension, 166 patients with cerebral thrombosis at the recovery stage (more than two months after onset), and 74 patients with cerebral hemorrhage at the recovery stage. SFP by 3 liM ADP in the healthy persons, the hypertensive patients, and the patients in the recovery stages of hemorrhage and thrombosis were 148.7 ± 53.5, 176.2 ± 74.4, 189.8 ± 58.3 and 206.3 ± 58.9 mm Hg, respectively. The differences of the SFP between the healthy and each of the diseased groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01 to 0.05). Meanwhile, SFP of nine patients with cerebral thrombosis and 18 patients with hemorrhage was measured during their time course of the diseases from the onset to 180 days. SFP in the acute stage of thrombosis showed an increase and a gradual decrease during the time course, while SFP in the acute stage of hemorrhage showed the opposite - a decrease and a gradual increase. A statistically significant difference was observed between both groups within 30 days from the onset (P < 0.01). Screen filtration pressure in the acute stage of hemorrhage showed 95.2 ± 17.7 mm Hg in nine survival cases and 194.0 ± 96.2 mm Hg in nine deaths within ten days from the onset. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Such results suggest a role of platelets in cerebral thrombosis and hemorrhage and a usefulness in differential diagnosis of both diseases.

ISSN:0039-2499    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Controlled cerebral ischemia was produced in rabbits by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries and restriction of collateral blood flow by a decrease of the systemic arterial pressure to a desirable level (by hemorrhage into a pressurized reservoir system). The following circulatory parameters were simultaneously monitored: systemic arterial pressure (SAP), pressure in the circle of Willis (Pcw), systemic venous pressure (SVP), and pressure in the sagittal venous sinus of brain (Pvs). The cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by means of the H2-clearance method, and the brain volume (BrV) changes were evaluated with a mechanical system of the stereotaxic device. It has been concluded that the pre-edematous changes in the brain tissue arise during deep ischemia but an important factor in the brain edema development is the recovery of the CBF with an increase of the intravascular pressure closely related to the brain blood volume augmentation. The latter may be pronounced because of diminution of the blood outflow from the brain when the SVP is increased. The compensation for the BrV increase (caused either by brain blood volume augmentation or by brain edema) is obtained by Pcw decrease probably due to resistance rise in the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. The brain edema may be additionally compensated by an active decrease of the systemic arterial pressure.

ISSN:0039-2499    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Utilizing a Doppler ultrasonic flownteter catheter, right carotid artery blood velocity was measured during 91 coughing episodes in 16 patients. Such coughing reduced carotid blood velocity by 40 ± 22%(control = 34 ± 8 cm per second, cough = 20 ± 9 cm per second, p < 0.001). There was an insignificant low degree of correlation between the level of simultaneously recorded mean right pressure and the percent decline of peak carotid blood velocity, suggesting that impaired venous return was not the only factor responsible for the observed changes. It is concluded that (1) coughing diminishes phasic carotid blood velocity and (2) reduced cerebral perfusion may play a role in the pathogenesis of cough syncope.

ISSN:0039-2499    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0039-2499    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID