摘要:

During the past three decades, conservation groups have tried to conserve tropical biodiversity primarily by lobbying for the creation of parks. Critics have condemned this strategy because parks deny valuable natural resources to poor peoples who live around them. Despite the controversy, we know little about the political and ecological conditions that facilitate the creation of parks in the tropics. We outline these facilitating conditions through analyses of data on tropical rain forests and social conditions in 63 tropical nations. The analysis supports a "countercoalition" hypothesis of park creation in which threats to destroy forests trigger political activity by environmentalists, which results in the creation of reserves. By clarifying the conditions under which park creation occurs, this analysis suggests situation specific guidelines that may resolve the controversy about conservation strategies.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050121909

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article provides a presentation of the fisheries management system of northwestern Russia. The main theoretical question is whether it is meaningful to discuss the issue of comanagement in a post-Soviet context. On the one hand, there is a considerable degree of user-group participation in this particular fishery, generating a positive effect in terms of legitimacy and user-group influence. On the other hand, the legacy from Soviet corporatism calls for a certain caution in classifying the particular system as comanaged. The unclear distinction between "government" and "user groups" in particular makes this problematic. Comanagement theory presupposes by its very nature a clear separation between different interest groups in society. In empirical settings where such separation is not obvious, it might be argued that the perspective loses some of its significance.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050121918

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Canada's Model Forest Program was established as a means of implementing concepts of sustainable forest management. An initial step to achieving this is understanding stakeholders' forest values and attitudes. A study was undertaken to examine forest values and attitudes toward forest management of campers and hunters in the Foothills Model Forest of Alberta within the context of a cognitive hierarchy model. Data were collected by mail survey in 1996. Campers and hunters were primarily biocentric in their forest values orientation. These groups supported protection-oriented management strategies, were not in favor of economic development and timber-oriented strategies, and did not believe that current forest management is sustainable. Socioeconomic factors, social influences, and knowledge had little influence on values or attitudes. Forest values were related strongly to attitudes providing support for the cognitive hierarchy model.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050121927

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Accounting reports represent one of the most widely used forms of communication on an organization's performance to its stakeholders, including existing and potential investors, regulatory agencies, and lobby groups. However, these reports often present only a partial picture of an organization's performance because nonmarket, unpriced events relating to the management of natural resources are not taken into consideration. Consequently, reliance on these reports can lead to poorly informed decisions regarding use of resources controlled by organizations. In this article, an alternative reporting framework for organizations managing natural resources is proposed, which incorporates the data management and communication skills of the accountant, and the resource valuation techniques of the economist. The proposed reporting framework is illustrated with reference to a multipurpose reforestation program in Australia, and practical issues associated with its application are discussed.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050121936

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To evaluate whether public involvement on a national forest district fairly represents the public's values, this article proposes four hypothesis tests. First, it is hypothesized that public-involvement programs operate according to a participatory democracy logic, in which broad cross sections of the public participate in public involvement opportunities. A second hypothesis is tested that public involvement reflects a representative democracy process in which interest groups participate yet represent the underlying distribution of issue interests of the public at large. Because the findings indicate that interest groups do outcompete the public in participation, two additional perspectives are entertained. A political economic perspective is considered that posits that the incentive structure characterizing different interests defines participation. This perspective is contrasted with a perspective that argues that environmental "elites" prevail in participation and in the process misrepresent the public's values. Tests are made to adjudicate between alternative hypotheses. The findings and their implications for democratic public involvement and decision making are considered.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050121945

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050121954

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor