ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380978

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Extensive research over the past 50 years has concentrated on explaining the adoption of soil conservation practices in terms of individual farmer and farm firm characteristics. This article suggests an expanded approach in which the socioeconomic context of individual behavior is considered. Descriptive results from a survey of ethnically diverse strawberry farmers on erodible lands in California are used to develop a social model of conservation adoption. Anglo, Japanese, and Mexican farmers are shown to differ in terms of personal experience in the industry, farm business characteristics, information networks, and attitudes about farming. The concepts of knowledge systems and normative farm management styles are introduced as a framework for understanding the influence of ethnic historical context on current behavior. The implications of this model for resource conservation policy also are discussed. Recognition of the influence of social group membership is critical in the development of effective conservation programs and policies.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380979

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Values attached to natural resources by cultural groups are often overlooked in defining the goals of ecosystem management. Resource values may be especially important when groups compete not only for the use but also the cultural meaning of a common resource. When groups increasingly differ in ethnicity and marginality, the resource values which they attach to that common resource may diverge sharply. As a result, ecosystem management goals may not adequately address the concerns of different ethnic groups who use a natural resource. This is the case with special forest products, an understudied component of ecosystem management. We examined the role of resource values and resource competition in special forest product harvesting in this investigation of North American matsutake or tanoak mushroom(Tricholoma magnivelare)collection in national forests in the Klamath bioregion. Data obtained through picker surveys, field interviews, and analysis of mushroom permits indicated that different ethnic groups varied in their harvesting experience, harvesting patterns, means of resource control, and resource values. These variations stemmed from competing resource use and diverging resource values and revealed how ethnic diversity contributes to resource conflicts and affects forest sustainability.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380980

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study examines the theory that public attitudes toward the siting of waste disposal facilities are motivated only by a narrowly defined cost‐benefit analysis of siting outcomes, the so‐called not‐in‐my‐backyard (NIMBY) phenomenon. Drawing from the policy science literature, three general types of variables hypothesized to influence siting attitudes (context, process, and outcome) are identified, described, and measured. These variables are then correlated with siting attitudes. The data collection method is a mail survey of 400 residents selected randomly from the population of the state of Connecticut. The results indicate that context‐, process‐, and outcome‐related variables are all significant components of attitudes toward siting of waste facilities. These attitudinal findings suggest that the NIMBY conception is not adequate as an explanation of public attitudes. Therefore policy tools and approaches based on this characterization are unlikely to be effective.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380981

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The principal research objective in this article was to analyze efforts to bring about change in federal rangeland policies from 1960 to the present. A key question was whether advocates of range reform could overcome entrenched systems of limited participation established under the venerable Taylor Grazing Act of 1934. The authors found that the subgovernmental participants managed to hold their political base fairly well by retaining substantial representation of western legislators on U.S. House and Senate Interior Committees and the crucial Public Lands Subcommittee and keeping sole possession of program jurisdiction within committee hands. Thus, environmentalists and other would‐be reformers have been unable to alter the basic structure of the grazing subsidy program. They did, however, push for programs requiring multiple‐use management of public rangelands by the Bureau of Land Management and for range improvement funding through the expansion of a reformist advocacy coalition within the range policy community, the emergence of a change‐oriented policy entrepreneur within the House Natural Resources (formerly, Interior) Committee and the strategic use of courts in the early 1970s to compensate for a failure to win any victories in Congress.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380982

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ecosystem management increasingly is viewed as a new “paradigm”; of public land management. The literature is becoming replete with studies of ecosystem management, including its implementation. Yet many of the studies are overly reliant on a technical and expert‐centered mode of implementation, as well as being somewhat uncritical about the value of ecosystem management. This policy review argues that much can be learned from the early days of the Progressive movement about how to bring about change in public land management. Specifically, early Progressives often were successful because they were able to link scientific management with key democratic values. This is the task that is facing ecosystem management advocates today as they confront a public interested, yet suspicious, of this evolving new land management regime.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380983

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Many proponents of industrial ecology have asserted that the declining volume of raw materials used per unit of gross national product (GNP) constitutes a process of dematerialization.”; They have suggested that this process could allow continued growth in production and wealth while attenuating adverse impacts on the environment. Dematerialization, however, has been a central strategy for reducing production costs since before the beginnings of industrial capitalism. Historically it has been associated with expanded, rather than contracted, use of raw materials. Besides ignoring the historical record, proponents of dematerialization have failed to recognize that absolute volume of material consumed rather than volume relative to GNP is the significant measure in ecological terms. On a global scale, the volumes and the distances transported of major minerals have increased over the periods for which dematerialization has been claimed.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380984

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Bentley, William R., and Marcia M. Gowan (eds.).Forest Resources and Wood‐Based Biomass Energy as Rural Development Assets.Lebanon, NH: Science Publishers, 1994. xxviii + 347 pp. $35.00 (softcover).

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380985

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380977

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor