摘要:

Arguing that the phenomenon of global environmental change has received inadequate attention within environmental sociology and that the predominant approach of environmental sociology to global change has been limited, this article suggests several new perspectives. Environmental sociology must give more attention to the social construction of environmental knowledge, by building on and transcending the debates within the sociology of science of the past 15 years. At the same time, environmental sociology must rethink its theories that give analytical priority to the nation‐state and to national units of analysis. These principles are illustrated through analyses of the role of global constructions of environmental knowledge and the recent politics of global environmental change.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929209380788

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The attitudes and values of U.S. Forest Service employees toward resource management issues are examined by applying general concepts and empirical observations found in the literature on social change and resource sociology. The concept of a resource management paradigm is developed and operationalized in a nationwide study of Forest Service employees. Its results suggest that the attitudes and values of one particular segment of Forest Service employees, the Association of Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics (AFSEEE), represent an alternative resource management paradigm that differs significantly from the dominant management paradigm held by the majority of Forest Service employees. The emergence of this extraorganizational group of Forest Service employees dedicated to agency reform is unprecedented in the history of federal land management agencies; their characteristics, both sociodemographic and attitudinal, are compared and contrasted with those of non‐AFSEEE Forest Service employees. The potential role of AFSEEE as a change agent is discussed relative to other changes that are occurring concurrently in the Forest Service.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929209380789

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A growing number of nations are debating the appropriate path and speed of adjustment toward sustainable development in 21st century. However, for many nations whose economies are based on natural resources, implementation of environmental protection and resource management strategies designed for longer‐term development purposes seems highly improbable in view of formidable pressures for maximization of output levels in the short term. Many will not even be faced with the choice between environmental quality or economic growth as envisaged in traditional growth models. External debt pressures and a struggling trade sector based on primary sector exports undergoing extensive terms of trade deterioration could well induce an insidious and protracted period of simultaneous economic decline and degradation or depletion of natural capital stocks. This situation would represent a fundamental constraint upon the attainment of sustainable development proposals. While Australia is unique as a “Western”; industrialized nation with a trade structure hinged upon natural resources, it appears to be entering the vicious cycle of external financing pressures, higher volumes of natural resource exploitation, environmental degradation, and trade and current account deficits. The nature of this predicament is briefly described together with some predictions about the longer‐term consequences of the future paths available. The development of competitiveness in environmental technologies is assessed as a potential solution.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929209380790

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Rural communities facing the prospect of rapid energy development consider trade‐offs between economic benefits and “way of life”; as disruption. One of ten‐cited but unproved benefit of development is increased retention of local youth, who otherwise tend to migrate away. Using survey data from high school students of Scotland's Shetland and Orkney Islands (affected by North Sea oil development), we explore relations between intentions to migrate and individual background, aspirations, and attitudes. Attitudes toward oil development do not predict migration intentions. Instead, migration intentions are predicted by essentially the same variables identified in other studies, in areas where energy development wasnotoccurring. Thus, we found no evidence that oil development fundamentally changed young people's thoughts about leaving.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929209380791

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The commercialization of salmon in southeast Alaska has affected the traditional subsistence economies of the Tlingit Indians. Over the past hundred years, a mixed subsistence‐market economy that combines subsistence and market sectors has developed in Tlingit communities. Contemporary fishing households in two Tlingit communities are shown to participate in both subsistence and commercial fisheries using various strategies. In the 1980s, commercial salmon fishing households produced more subsistence fish and game than households without commercial permits. Certain factors in commercial fisheries development have exerted negative pressures on the traditional subsistence sector of the Tlingit economy: stock depletions; non‐local, non‐Native control of the fisheries; and restrictive subsistence fisheries management regimes. Resolution of these problems for the Tlingit depends on influencing historic processes stemming from legal and political structures that are not culturally responsive to indigenous subsistence economies.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929209380792

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Developing countries’ resource choices are constrained by their role in the international economy. Growing awareness of the environment as a global commons is likely to farther constrain their development options. The impact of the internationalization of the economy on their resource choices is demonstrated by examining three uses of near‐shore marine resources: dumping, fishing, and tourism and recreation. In each case, resource choices are driven by the developing countries’ place in the international economy. As the international community attempts to steer development along an environmentally responsible path, developing countries need to present their own vision of an acceptable future.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929209380793

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Upper Silesia is the region of southern Poland where Poland's largest industrial agglomeration connected with coal exploitation and the greatest concentration of metallurgical industry have existed since the 19th century. It is also the most densely populated area in Poland. These old industries cause life conditions that are very difficult, and the degradation of the biophysical environment greatly exceeds acceptable norms. Demographic data in Poland, and especially in this area, are very scarce and often inaccessible, and hence I use only illustrative data and the results of several research studies conducted by demographers and physicians. The clearly negative influence of the biophysical environmental degradation as seen in the increased mortality among children, as well as increased mortality, given as the percentage of people dying of circulatory system and tumorous illnesses, is larger than in other parts of Poland.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929209380794

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929209380795

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929209380787

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor