摘要:

The contingent valuation method (CVM) has been used to assign monetary value to goods not normally bought and sold in the marketplace. Sometimes this value is used to make inferences about what a person might actually be willing to pay. The relationship between responses to willingness to pay (WTP) questions and a paying behavior was examined in this study using a conceptual framework from attitude theory. Willingness to pay was considered a behavioral intention to pay, and a mock vote on a sales tax initiative was considered a paying behavior. Two factors known to affect the intention‐behavior relationship were varied. Subjects were provided different levels of information about the good and were asked about their willingness to pay using different question contexts. Increasing the context correspondence between measures of intention and behavior strengthened the relationship. Information did not significantly increase the consistency between intention and behavior. Determining the meaning in behavioral terms of people's responses to WTP questions may be especially important when these responses are taken at face value.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380959

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Erosion of biodiversity is of global concern. Habitat destruction is the main cause. Many governments have established national park systems to try to protect habitat. National parks have traditionally excluded human settlements and extractive uses, often creating problems for local communities. This has resulted in support for human occupancy of parks, particularly by indigenous peoples. However, indigenous peoples can also have a significant impact on local ecosystems. Thus, a more refined management response is called for, based on assessment of ecosystem impacts and sensitive to local cultural characteristics. A first step is to assess the nature of the interaction between the local peoples and the park. This approach is taken with reference to Doi Inthanon National Park in Northern Thailand. Different ethnic groups have different impacts and therefore warrant different management responses. Some 40% of the park area has been encroached upon. The situation is further complicated because of a development program that has goals that are in conflict with those of the park. Data on use of park resources by local populations reveals an inverse relationship between use and distance from the park. Possible management strategies are suggested.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380960

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The socioeconomic impact of the proposed New World gold mine on neighboring Yellowstone gateway communities is analyzed. The traditional economic base model and Power's qualitative economic base model are described and compared as to their applicability. Primary survey data emphasizing quantitative measurements of qualitative factors is presented and used in comparing the two models. The economic base model is found to have limited utility in describing the current economy and community and in analyzing the socioeconomic impact of the proposed mine. The economic base model suggests only the economic benefits of the mine, which are found to be insignificant for the two communities. Power's qualitative economic base model is accurate in describing the current economy and community and providing normative criteria for assessing the socioeconomic costs of the mine, which may far exceed the limited benefits and cause an emigration among existing residents.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380961

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In Thailand, as elsewhere, the administrative definition of forest has changed from one based on classification by species to one based on territory. This process was an important facet of the more general process by which the central government claimed a monopoly on the administration of property rights to natural resources. The process took place in three stages: First, the government declared that all territory not claimed by permanent cultivators or other government agencies was forest under the jurisdiction of the Royal Forestry Department. Second, it demarcated the forests into reserve and protected forests. Third, it mapped all forest land as well as nonforest land according to land use classifications, which became the basis for policies to control occupation and use. These strategies did not allow for local input into land use planning. As a result of this lack of state capacity, and interbureaucratic competition, the Thai government failed to control rural land use.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380962

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Diverse situational factors (such as hydrogeological formations and agricultural cropping practices) and the lack of a clear federal mandate present a new challenge to the Environmental Protection Agency and state governments in implementing groundwater protection policy. An implementation regime framework is presented that calls on state and federal administrators to negotiate an informal working relationship that is appropriate for each state. This might include either the traditional implementation of a uniform federal mandate or a program tailored to specific state needs. The success of an implementation regime in achieving its policy objectives is based on the ability of the federal government to frame a clear and consistent message that will reduce state implementors ‘ concerns over federal government intrusion. A regime typology is presented depicting ideal regime types that may be used by the federal government in selecting an appropriate federal message.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380963

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The concept of resource dependency has been used to describe the relationship between community stability and a variety of natural resource systems. Resource‐dependent communities frequently are described as being vulnerable to externally induced changes because of their reliance on a single resource system. Most of the literature on this topic has focused on North America. In this article, the concept of resource dependency is applied to the coastal zone of Southeast Asia. Resource dependency in this context takes on a very different form due to the complexity and high natural productivity of tropical coastal ecosystems. These conditions create multiple economic niches for coastal residents, thus providing an important measure of community stability within the coastal resource system. This stability is being challenged by development policies that promote economic specialization—the classic pitfall of resource‐dependent communities. An alternative ecosystem approach to coastal community development is proposed.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380964

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using common historiographie sources—early ethnographic reports—we compare traditional perceptions of wilderness among East Africa's pastoral Nilotes and highland Bantu. Specifically, the hypothesis that Nilotic and Bantu views are substantially the same is investigated and cautiously accepted. Acceptance of the hypothesis, however, does not mean that important differences do not exist in the perception and approach to wilderness among the peoples being compared. Nilotes, dominated by pastoralism, lived closer to wilderness and wildlife, which they found necessary to integrate into their culture, whereas the highland Bantu, as agriculturalists, established significant barriers between themselves and wilderness. Both peoples, however, share ontological views that depict creation as lively, active, and complex. These shared views, to the extent they remain prevalent in contemporary society, are a possible basis for a unified, indigenous philosophy of wilderness independent of the West's traditions of romanticism and transcendentalism.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380965

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Special Review Section: Emerging Dimensions of Environmentalism

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380966

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380958

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor