摘要:

The principal thesis of this article is that two disparate conceptions of wilderness coexist. There is both a popular conception of wilderness embraced by the public, and a political conception of wilderness created by special interest groups, bureau crats, and politicians, manifested in policy and/or legislation. The latter conception is based on but does not necessarily emulate the former. This dual conception of wilderness, while often postulated in the literature, has not yet been assessed through empirical research. This paper presents results from a mail questionnaire sent to a systematic, random sample (n = 858) of the adult New Zealand public assessing popular (unprompted) and political (prompted) conceptions of wilderness. The inherent duality of wilderness was confirmed and clarified, with the popular conception of wilderness differing significantly from the conception of wilderness contained within the New Zealand Wilderness Policy. Implications of this finding for wilderness managers are discussed.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419299279498

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article develops an exploratory technique for assessing environmental concern using narratives. The technique is compared to traditional techniques for assessing concern, such as measures related to the new environmental paradigm (NEP). A national survey asked respondents to rate outcomes of a story with environmental consequences as negative or positive. Responses tapped distinct dimensions of concern from the NEP. Narrative responses also added significantly to models predicting variance in environmental activism.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419299279506

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study measures environmental values and ethics and explores their relation ships to attitudes toward national forest management. The principal research methods were literature review and a survey of Vermont residents concerning man agement of the Green Mountain National Forest. Descriptive findings suggest respondents (1) favor nonmaterial values of national forests, (2) subscribe to a diversity of environmental ethics, including anthropocentric and bio-/ecocentric, and (3) support emerging concepts of ecosystem management. Environmental values and ethics explain approximately 60% of the variation in attitudes toward national forest management.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419299279515

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It is now widely accepted that members of the public should be involved in environmental decision-making. Many researchers have attempted to define process and outcome principles for "good" public participation. The emphasis of this study is on the process. We asked participants in a forest policymaking process about their ideas of "good" process. We used an approach based on the qualitative method of grounded theory to inductively identify principles. Seven categories of principles emerged from the analysis: access to the process, power to influence process and outcomes, access to information, structural characteristics to promote constructive interactions, facilitation of constructive personal behaviors, adequate analysis, and enabling of future processes. We elaborate and discuss the categories and variations among the participants. The results provide a detailed and intriguing picture of how the people in our case study think about participation.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419299279524

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A mail survey of 126 federally funded watershed planning initiatives yielded valid responses from 64 watershed contacts. Quantitative analysis revealed wide variation among watershed initiatives in terms of population size and land area encompassed. Likewise, watershed organization and participation characteristics ( agencies involved, frequency of meetings, and number of active participants) vary greatly. Qualitative analysis delineated the key issues of concern to watershed contacts: agricultural land use, stakeholder awareness, and interaction between local and federal entities. While specific situations vary by watershed, results indicate that door-to-door contact, public meetings, and information programs are the most useful methods for soliciting participation. Participation was perceived to be most helpful in the planning stages of outreach, identifying issues, and prioritizing issues. The perceived effects of participatory watershed planning include increasing awareness of watershed conditions, heightening interagency coordination, reaching consensus on resource management plans, and lending legitimacy to final plans.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419299279533

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The propriety and viability of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) are functions of its social context, including public opinion. We conducted a nationwide survey on attitudes toward species conservation and other related concepts and institutions. Species conservation is valued by respondents as much as property rights or eco nomic growth. Ecosystem health and democracy are valued more, and the availability of resources for posterity is valued most of all. The public strongly supports (1) ESA and the implementation of ESA on private lands, and (2) the compensation of landowners for losses incurred by the implementation of ESA. Vastly different implications are associated with these conclusions. Collectively, our survey results imply that educators concerned with species conservation should focus on the links among economic growth, natural resources extraction, habitat loss, and species endangerment.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419299279542

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Designation of public lands as wilderness continues to be a contentious issue. With about 45 million acres designated as wilderness in the lower 48 states, the question of whether designation of additional wilderness would result in increased recreation use has been raised. We address this issue using a fixed-effects regression model for wilderness use at national forests and national parks throughout the United States. We find the acreage variable is statistically significant in predicting visitor use at both agencies land. It appears that additional designations of wilderness will provide recreation benefits.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419299279551

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An indicator of the level of conflict over natural resource management was devel oped and applied to the case of U.S. national forest policy and management. Computer-coded content analysis was used to identify expressions of conflict in a national database of almost 10, 000 news media stories about the U.S. Forest Service. Changes in the amount of news media discussion involving conflict were tracked over the 5-year period from 1992 through 1996. The relative level of con flict over national forest policy and management measured by this indicator was found to correspond with major conflict-related events during this time period. This social indicator could be used to evaluate policies intended to reduce conflict, monitor contentious issues, and identify emerging areas of conflict.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419299279560

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Devolution of authority over natural resource management is now well advanced for the mega-fauna in Zimbabwe, through the CAMPFIRE program. We ask whether models like CAMPFIRE can be applied to a broader spectrum of woodland resources. Problems in applying CAMPFIRE to woodland resources relate to a legal and policy framework that is not enabling to local management; weakened local institutional structures; a high degree of differentiation with respect to wood land resource use within communities; problems of defining resource user groups; and, the potentially low market value of woodland products. In identifying circumstances where CAMPFIRE may be applied successfully to woodland resources, economic, sociological, and ecological circumstances must be considered.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419299279579

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/713847387

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor