摘要:

Tourism in Zimbabwe relies heavily on the Parks and Wild Life Estate and associated wildlife populations, giving these resources a tangible value. Protected areas, competing with conventional agriculture for space, can be justified in the context of a developing country only if their total benefits remain competitive with other forms of land use. In this paper we argue that, by underselling the Parks and Wild Life Estate, Zimbabwe is discouraging the development of an economically important rural resource in favor of its less environmentally sustainable agricultural competitors. Low prices are threatening the retention of large protected areas and the very resources on which future tourism, as a desirable, sustainable form of land use, is likely to depend. Yet, wildlife‐based tourism provides one of the few ways to reverse the trend toward human destitution in Africa's marginal areas and provides a major justification for conserving Africa's wildlife.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929009380720

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Data and previous studies indicate that national park creation has differed between British and French Africa. More national parks have been established in British Africa, although French Africans have been more active in creating national parks since independence. Furthermore, biomes and biogeographical provinces have been treated differently with respect to national park creation in French and British Africa. Most notably, French Africans have been more active in creating national parks in the tropical forests, whereas British Africans have been more active in the savannas and highland areas. These differences are accounted for by differing approaches to land development in colonial Africa, differing attitudes toward nature among British and French colonials, and differing environmental opportunities in British and French Africa. Despite apparent differences, the similarities in application of national parks to French and British African landscapes are striking.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929009380721

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper analyzes natural resource management initiatives and environmental dilemmas in Costa Rica and derives lessons pertinent to developing countries in general. It is recognized that Costa Rica has a reputation of having “successful”; environmental policies and has made progress in conservation efforts; however, it is argued that the initiatives and policies actually have constraints and weaknesses, including failure to address the political and economic roots of the problems, insufficient attention to the environmental needs of the poor, and perpetuation of the domination of foreign interests. Moreover, resource degradation problems have accelerated. Using a political ecology approach, this analysis reveals contradictions in prevailing strategies. Alternative actions and social/human/ecological orientations are suggested, emphasizing the need for major political changes.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929009380722

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Forest management policies in Nepal have undergone considerable change in recent decades. The main thrust of the current forest management policy is the handing‐over of control and responsibility for the management of forests to local people. In this paper it is argued that the ideas of the current policy are not new. Local communities have their own traditional forest management systems that vary slightly by region and ethnicity. The hand‐over of government controlled forests to local communities was also in practice a century ago. Thus, the current policy, best articulated in the Master Plan for the Forestry Sector, is essentially what was in operation in the past. It is recommended that while formulating forest management policies it is essential to understand the lessons of the past.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929009380723

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929009380724

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The six‐million hectare mountainous region surrounding Yellowstone National Park has become the focus of a vigorous policy debate. At issue is the appropriate mix of preservation and development of the public lands that make up the “Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.”; Administration of the region is fragmented among twenty‐eight different governmental agencies, making management of wide‐ranging wildlife and other shared resources difficult. To confront the problems resulting from lack of unifying goals, lack of interagency coordination, and poor use of scientific data, many authors and organized interest groups are urging that the agencies adopt “ecosystem management”; as a comprehensive policy for the region. The article discusses the meaning of ecosystem management and the hindrances to its implementation in the Yellowstone region.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929009380725

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Massey, Garth.Subsistence and Change, Lessons of Agropastoralism in Somalia.Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987. xvii + 239 p. $34.50.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929009380726

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929009380719

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor