摘要:

Recreation and tourism development continue to play an important role in reshaping rural America. Efforts to evaluate the effects of such development are complicated because residents and nonrecreation visitors also use the businesses that are affected by recreation and tourism visitors. We present a method for estimating in nonmetropolitan counties jobs and income that are generated by recreation and tourism visitors from outside the county. Several different techniques are used to (1) cluster similar counties, (2) account for the portion of tourism sector employment that serves local residents, and (3) account for the portion of export activity that serves nonrecreation visitors. Finally, we address the consequences of recreation dependence in rural counties. The counties most dependent on nonlocal tourism activity are compared to other rural counties on income, population, economic structure, and housing variables.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279054

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this article we evaluate stabling, a farm technology now being adopted by house holds in southern Senegal. We use data from southern Senegal to analyze the decision to adopt stabling and the impacts of adoption on family members. Our analyses use insights from several frameworks such as bargaining models and the transaction cost approach, models that assume multiple preferences within households and conceptualize decision making as a process related to the social organization of the household. We estimate an empirical adoption model and find that including indicators of household structure and wives characteristics in addition to the variables traditionally used (e.g. household head s characteristics) adds to the models explanatory power. Our analysis of impacts finds that stabling increases demand for family labor and may result in loss of an important income source for women. However, overall it appears stabling has improved family welfare since men share some of the benefits with their families. Women also want to adopt stabling so that they will be better able to provide for their families.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279063

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Spatial information technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), and soft-copy photogrammetry, known collectively as geomatics, can be combined with methods of sociological inquiry such as rapid rural appraisal and participatory rural appraisal (RA) to provide new techniques for gathering, organizing, analyzing, and conveying information about the land and resource tenure of indigenous people and communities. The RA methods provide a means to solicit detailed information about complex and dynamic tenure status and resource conditions not ordinarily captured in automated land records or cadastral systems. RA techniques can be modified to use geomatics in the field or as part of the processing of RA-gathered data. Recordation of rights and interests in land or resources in automated systems recognized by groups (e.g., governments, companies) outside a community may bolster tenure security for the community or individuals if appropriate access and system security mechanisms are part of the system.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279072

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The emergence of hundreds of rural, place-based, grass-roots ecosystem management (GREM) efforts across the United States constitutes a new environmental movement that challenges the fundamental premises of existing natural resources and public lands institutions. This article establishes GREM as qualitatively distinct from prior American environmental movements and as a fundamentally different approach to the environmental problematique, which relies on decentralization, collaboration, citizen participation, and a holistic worldview that seeks to simultaneously promote environment, economy, and community. GREM is compared with the three major American environmental movements preservation, conservation, and contemporary along several dimensions: ideology, movement character, preferred institutions, and approach of each to science, technology, and the question of limits to growth. While not all aspects of GREM are new, it is a grand synthesis that borrows readily from past movements, adds new ideas and approaches to environmental management, and transforms the whole into a distinctive movement worthy of study.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279081

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A working landscape differs in many ways from open space. Similarly, the protection of a working landscape involves a different approach than the protection of open space. Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, is a growing metropolitan area where agriculture continues to be a leading industry. Both the county government and individual townships have responded with an integrated set of growth management programs aimed at protecting the working landscape. This article analyzes the effectiveness of these programs according to general goals and specific objectives. The article also discusses the potential and constraints for applying the Lancaster County growth management approach to other landscapes in the northeastern United States.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279090

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Whenever a neighborhood or community group objects to a proposed development in their area, someone questions whether the objections are part of a NIMBY, or Not in My Backyard, pattern of responses. According to past studies, one characteristic of a typical NIMBY syndrome is a lack of trust in project sponsors or experts. Most researchers argue that distrust leads to the NIMBY syndrome. Margolis (1996), however, argues that opposition to a proposed development may cause distrust. In this article, we investigate opposition to off shore oil development in California using focusing groups of local political activists on both sides of the issue. Previous research has largely ignored project supporters when studying NIMBY responses. We find that supporters and opponents are quite similar, especially in their distrust of one another. That is, distrust characterizes both sides in NIMBY situations. We believe that our findings make Margolis's claim that distrust does not cause NIMBY responses more plausible.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279108

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/713847505

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/713847504

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor