摘要:

Ecosystem-based forest management requires geographic data at a landscape scale that often extends across ownership boundaries. Implementing ecosystem-based management for lands owned by small, nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) land owners depends in part upon their attitudes and experiences regarding geographic data. A mail survey of NIPF landowners in northwestern Connecticut assessed their perceived importance and previous use of geographic data for a variety of ecosystem-based management interests, tasks, and scales. Management activities closely aligned with stewardship objectives scored higher than other activities for both perceived importance and previous use of geographic data . Perceived impor tance scored between two and eight times higher than previous use for all activities. NIPF landowner characteristics of employment status, age, gender, residency, and degree of commitment to forest management goals were related to perceived importance and previous use of geographic data. Assisting NIPF landowners with ecosystem-based management activities will require geographic data that correspond to stewardship objectives .

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050114583

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ecosystem approaches to natural resource management place demands on adopting agencies to focus on those activities that support organizational change, especially communication activities, both to foster adoption of, and later to support continuance of ecosystem management activities. An assessment of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Ecosystem Approach to Fish and Wildlife Conservation found that implementation was incomplete, and its management team consequently took actions related to organizational transformation. This attention to organizational change, concentrated on both agency function and form, represents a new modus operandi for the governance of natural resource management agencies. The concept of leadership, as contrasted to management, is offered as an overlooked tool for achieving an ecosystem approach to natural resource management .

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050114592

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Relationship building between the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service and communities near national forests is a necessity for ecosystem manage ment and forest planning, as well as for community revitalization. Based on interviews with 119 subjects, the authors designed recommendations aimed at promoting the building of such collaborative relationships. Recommendations were presented in a survey to the same subjects for verification purposes and were found to be well supported. Recommendations, organized by audience (district rangers, forest super visors, National Forest System Deputy, Rural Community Assistance [RCA] leaders, RCA coordinators, and community leaders), focus on the need to prioritize Forest Service-community relationship building, ensuring funding and legal authority for relationship building, providing adequate training opportunities, cultivating intra- and interagency working relationships concerning community work, using the RCA program to build relationships while assisting communities, and building community capacity for participation in agency-community collaborative efforts.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050114600

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Programs and projects focusing on natural resource management (NRM) have become widespread throughout West Africa, affecting national and local land tenure policies and practices. Many of the current community-based NRM efforts in West Africa assume the existence of common property land resources. Application of a community-based approach to NRM posed significant problems in the Fuuta Jalon region of Guinea because land resources held as common property are practically nonexistent. Relying on applied research, this article analyzes the use of a contract mechanism at the project level to create secure common spaces for village NRM activities. The procedure developed to create common NRM spaces relies on widely accepted local tenure rules and land redistribution mechanisms. Support of existing tenure practices is a likely attribute of contractual solutions since one of the main objectives is to adapt existing practices to changing circumstances rather than to replace them entirely .

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050114619

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study of a citizens' advisory council is used to reexamine a long-standing proposition, referred to here as the resources hypothesis, drawn from the participation literature. The hypothesis proposes that the effectiveness of citizen participation mechanisms will be enhanced by increased access to resources (such as funding and technical assistance). The council considered here is involved in the environmental management of the marine oil trade in Alaska, and has greater access to resources than any other council examined in the extant literature. However, this council has experienced uneven success in securing the implementation of its proposals for policy change. The results suggest that the success of a participatory mechanism in a given policy domain depends not only on its internal resources, but also on external political support from other groups with authority (or influence) within that policy domain.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050114628

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

With the growth of programs aimed at participatory development and stakeholder based approaches to natural resources management, there is increasing interest in the development of indicators of environmental quality. These indicators not only allow local management of natural resources, but can also be useful as a tool for local empowerment in issues of natural resources management. They can be helpful to local people trying to determine whether community activities are degrading or improving environmental integrity and can help to widen the circle of people in the community concerned about natural resource issues. A stumbling block, however, is that indicators that are considered scientifically accurate are often dependent on larger environmental bureaucratic structures to develop this information. These structures are often lacking in rural communities; thus alternative indicators are needed . Various efforts have developed locally meaningful indicators that are scientifically valid as indicative of ecosystem states and changes. Natural resources indicators are part of a larger project of sustainable community development.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050114637

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Landscapes are shaped by complex relationships between human population, social structure, and environmental conditions. Traditionally, these factors have been studied separately within their respective disciplines. Few studies explore the relationship between indicators of social structure and ecological factors. Our objective was to examine the relationship between housing density, as recorded in the U.S. Census data, and a satellite land-cover classification in the northwest Wisconsin Pine Barrens region. We used a geographical information system (GIS) to integrate these two data sets. Our results revealed strong patterns. For example, housing densities were higher where water is more abundant, a possible case where land cover influences housing density. In other cases, housing density appears to influence land cover. These complex relationships are discussed. Our approach represents an initial methodology to integrate social and ecological data, a task needed to improve our understanding of rural societies and to facilitate broad-scale ecosystem management.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050114646

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941920050114655

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor