ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380947

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cultural resource management, commonly called CRM, has emerged in recent years as a popular topic in federal land use programs. Fundamentally, CRM can be used as a paradigm to more effectively manage the diverse resources found on federal lands in the United States. One obvious example of these resources is the physical, archeological artifact. This article addresses cultural resource management on federal lands, and presents the various laws that have been enacted to protect and preserve such resources of the human past. Second, with the U.S. Forest Service as an example, this article describes some of the deficiencies in the current methodology and recommends ways federal agencies can more effectively manage cultural resources.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380948

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Conventional market economic accounting techniques tend to accord high values to human‐made goods that benefit the individual, and accord little value to the works of nature that primarily benefit the public. One of the axioms that forest economics students learn is that the land itself has zero value; idle acres are wasted. Thus, subsistence and other in situ land values are grossly undervalued, and pressure for development of land for commodity production almost always prevails. Unpublished data from the U.S. Forest Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game Cooperative subsistence studies have been used to illustrate adverse impacts to community stability and economic well‐being due to biases inherent in applying market‐derived methodologies to evaluate mixed economies. Some basic tenets are proposed to improve economics‐based resource allocation decisions in Alaska and other developing economies around the world.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380949

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Disputes over manure in Southwestern Niger reveal broad strategies for natural resource control employed by farmers and herders in a transitional agropastoral economy, where resources are scarce, some traditional ethnic specializations are breaking down, and the dominant national political motif is devolution. Four themes emerge: (1) In agropastoral systems, manure offers entry to the general regional political ecology because it links the livestock and agricultural sides of the economy, as well as the economy and the resource base. (2) Where groups vie for a limited resource, all take strategic advantage of legitimizing claims, whether grounded in history, customary roles, debts owed, contracts drawn, officials known, old law, new law, or law deemed likely in the future. (3) Conflicts between claimants are heightened where the state seeks to empower customary authorities but cannot define them. (4) Devolving control over natural resources might best begin not by assigning power but by defining lines of conflict and the legitimizing logic behind conflicting claims.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380950

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Through a content analysis of trade journal articles, it was found that attention paid to environmental issues in both the chemical and oil industries had paralleled trends in public concern observed by Dunlap (1991): (1) a dramatic rise in the late 1960s and a peak in the early 1970s, (2) a dramatic decline in the mid‐1970s, (3) a resurgence around 1982, and (4) a dramatic increase in 1988. In the chemical industry, attention reached unprecedented levels by 1993. Attention from the oil industry was not sustained, declining again from 1990 to 1993. The strategic characteristics of this evolution have been similar between the two industries, following a staged progression through (1) self‐reliance, (2) confrontation, (3) cooperation, and (4) pro‐action, with shifts in 1970, 1982, and 1988. However, the oil industry's strategic progression diverges from that of the chemical industry, entering a fifth stage in 1990 that deviates from the proactive posture that it had started to develop in 1988. The relevant actors influencing corporate attention to environmental issues have evolved to include the government, environmental interests, investors, insurance companies, and industry competitors.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380951

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The ecological movement in Russia has existed for more than 30 years. As the driving force behind environmental change in Russian society, the ecological movement has exerted a significant influence on the course of ongoing reforms. However, recently this movement has undergone profound transformations. The goal of this article is to consider theoretical issues concerning this movement in the context of a rapidly changing and risk‐laden post‐totalitarian society, emphasizing the key influences affecting the movement's transformation: changing local and national contexts, the movement's internal transformations caused by ideological and political diversification, changing patterns of resource mobilization, the split between “globalists”; and “localists,”;. and the growing gap between radicals and reformers.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380952

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Management of the public forest lands in the Pacific Northwest is in crisis, caught between ecological and economic values, and the people who hold them. Recognizing this, presidential candidate Bill Clinton pledged in 1992 to hold a “timber summit”; early in his administration. The president honored that promise, chairing, along with Vice President Gore and four cabinet members, a day‐long “Forest Conference”; in Portland, Oregon, on April 2, 1993. This article examines the Forest Conference as a conflict management effort. It provides a context for evaluating the Forest Conference as conflict management, and then outlines three basic dispute resolution approaches relevant to the conference: traditional public participation, arbitration, and multiparty collaboration. Application of these approaches reveals that President Clinton's “collaborative”; discourse could not be sustained by, and was inconsistent with, the arbitration‐like structure of the conference. Clinton's “60‐day pledge”; of action transformed the conflict situation into one of traditional public participation. The Clinton administration's discourse of collaboration could not overcome noncollaborative conference and planning structures, resulting in a conflict management opportunity lost.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380953

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380954

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380955

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929609380956

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor