摘要:

For this article, analyses were carried out to determine whether a significant difference exists between females and males in terms of their willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental programs dealing with the protection of wildlife and salmon. Previous research had hypothesized a significant relationship between gender and environmental concern. Our results of these analyses failed to reveal gender as a significant determinant of an individual's WTP, even when age, education, and income were accounted for. Parental status also proved to be unrelated to WTP, with a significant difference in the WTP between parents and nonparents appearing in only one case. In addition, neither motherhood status nor fatherhood status was found to be a significant determinant of WTP, and there was no significant difference between mothers and fathers in terms of their WTP.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279207

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fears of ensuing losses of biodiversity and indigenous cultures raise important issues concerning land and development policies in indigenous communities living at the margins of protected forest reserves. Understanding the evolution of interactions between state land tenure institutions, customary land practices, and environmental changes provides insight for the maintenance of both forest habitat and native cultures. The case history of the Masewal (Yucatec Maya) village of San Antonio (Cayo), Belize, is presented because its lack of an active land market allows direct associations to be drawn between governmental land policies and customary practices. The Belizean state leasehold tenure system, implemented in the 1960s to support Masewal control over ancestral lands, has become a negative social influence leading to land underutilization, supporting rapid forest conversion to pasture land and increasing village differentiation in household access to traditional natural resources. A new form of land tenure may be needed if natural resources and Masewal culture are to be protected.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279216

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Following a survey of forest homeowners in rural Michigan to assess the value of reducing the risk of damage from wildfires at the wildland-urban interface, focus group discussions were conducted with a subset of survey participants to learn about their perceptions concerning specific components of fire hazard (e.g., how fires start, fire control, fire damage), their understanding of how fire protection responsibility is allocated between government and individuals, and their under standing of and preferences for alternative fire management strategies. Focus-group data were analyzed using a framework based on behavioral economics and psychometric models of risk. Attributes associated with the fire risk help explain the relative popularity of different fire protection strategies. Because participants consider forest fires inherently uncontrollable, and the resulting damage essentially random, they are only weakly supportive of investments in firefighting infrastructure, unlikely to take all possible steps to safeguard their own properties, and resolute in their emphasis on solutions that reduce the number of fire ignitions. Their universally negative perceptions of prescribed fire may ultimately preclude its use as a risk management tool in Michigan's wildland-urban interface forests.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279225

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

As geographers have noted for years, the cultural landscape defines the physical landscape and must be taken seriously in pursuing sustainable landscape management. After discussing various ways in which culture influences land use, this article discusses two subcultures of property that have developed in the United States, one public and one private, which shape the physical landscape and define appropriate behaviors. It reviews nineteenth-century influences on these property cultures and investigates how they bound the land, its uses, and its values. Property cultures, often viewed as static and slow to change, are highly dynamic and portend momentous changes in the form and substance of landscape-level conservation.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279234

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Rural Australia is beset by a range of difficult, long-term environmental problems impacting on agricultural productivity, biodiversity, public health, and living standards. State intervention can be justified in terms of the public benefits that often flow from remedial and preventative works. While a suite of instruments has been used, intervention has focused on promoting voluntary change using participatory approaches. The National Landcare Program, the billion-dollar Natural Heritage Trust, and establishment of an institutional framework for regional catchment management have been the main mechanisms for delivering government support to private land managers. Recent experience in Australia suggests that state sponsored citizen participation can work. Critical factors identified include separating the roles of regional planning bodies and local organizations; effectively linking regional bodies and local groups; establishing robust, productive agency-community partnerships; adopting benefit-based cost-sharing mechanisms for public investment on private property; and designing flexible policy packages, including economic incentives for landholders to maintain the supply of public benefits.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279243

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Equity issues have led many economists to reconsider their preference for conducting efficiency analyses with aggregated estimates of the benefits and costs of changes in environmental resource allocations. For example, evidence suggests that health risks due to hazardous wastes disproportionately affect the poor and non White. Disproportionate outcomes are not necessarily inefficient, however. The purpose of this article is to propose a demand-side approach for environmental equity analysis that is based on a technique adapted from the labor economics of wage discrimination. Applying the test to the demand for water quality, we find that willingness to pay values are not equal for White and non-White survey respondents. The empirical results lead to some observations about environmental equity analyses.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/089419200279252

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/713847468

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/713847465

出版商:Informa UK Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor