摘要:

This article examines some of the characteristics of biological diversity and the appropriateness of the standard economic model in developing policies to protect genetic resources. It is argued that the assumptions of the standard model of perfect competition, including perfect information, reversibility, the emphasis on marginal analysis, and the appropriateness of discounting the future, place severe limitations on the usefulness of this approach in formulating reasonable policies to protect biodiversity. I discuss how biological resources are treated in a market economy, the importance of context in valuing species, and the problem of within‐species genetic variability. I argue that the sustainability of biological resources should be a binding constraint overriding traditional market considerations.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929309380804

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Recent studies indicate that large‐scale deforestation may contribute to global warming and is a primary factor in the depletion of genetic material through extinction of plant and animal species. This study seeks to identify and estimate the importance of social factors affecting deforestation in the Third World. Using change scores in a linear regression analysis, the dependent variable, deforestation, is regressed on measures of rural population growth (1975–1985), change in agricultural development (1975–1985), and growth of national debt (1975–1985), while controlling for the original forest size (1975), total population (1975), and the original levels of development and debt (1975). Results, including 102 Third World countries, indicate that as both rural population and debt increase, so does deforestation. Increased agricultural development leads to less deforestation. Four countries—Brazil, Indonesia, India, and Colombia—are found to influence unduly the outcome of the regression. When these four countries are excluded from the analysis, only original forest size, rural population growth, change in debt, and original level of debt are significant. Increases in these variables are correlated with increased deforestation, except for original debt level, which is correlated negatively with deforestation.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929309380805

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The administration of the public lands in the Greater Yellowstone area always has been contentious. Today, the administrative and public policy issue of central concern is how, and whether, to administer the region under the principles of “ecosystem management.”; Although gaining in popularity as a new natural resource management and administrative paradigm, ecosystem management is fraught with unanswered questions pertinent to public administration, political theory, and public policy. These questions, discussed here, include the use of concepts of nature to defend various political orders; the role of science in this particular public policy debate when contrasted with more democratic methods of public decision making; and the administrative assumptions of national park and national forest managers.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929309380806

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fishery management conflicts increase as decisions evolve through three stages: conservation, regulation, and allocation. The major sources of conflict in fishery management are increases in the size and effectiveness of user populations, stabilization or decline in the resource base, cultural differences between users, and different goal orientations of users. We present four case studies of Pacific U.S. fishery conflicts, detailing the processes used to resolve them. From the case study examples, we generalize two approaches to the resolution of conflict: authoritative and participatory. The future direction of fishery conflicts is projected to be the expansion of fishery‐specific conflicts into more general resource system conflicts.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929309380807

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The evolution of an indigenous agroforestry system currently practiced by the Garo community of Bangladesh is described. Changes in land tenure and market economics have been responsible for changes in Garo land use systems. The Garo agroforestry system incorporates tree crops for shade, weed growth suppression, and ecological sustainability, while incorporating agricultural crops and pineapple for economic return. The present system is socially desirable and economically profitable, but unresolved land tenure issues leave long‐term sustainability in question.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929309380808

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929309380809

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929309380810

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929309380811

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929309380803

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor