ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929409380840

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929409380839

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The review by Humphrey et al. (1993) is arguably the most important effort to date to advance our understanding of poverty in resource‐dependent communities—one that is likely to be remembered as pivotal, not just because it brings together four highly diverse theoretical perspectives, but because its clarity will facilitate the recognition of important gaps and of the need for empirical testing. All four of the perspectives appear to have important weaknesses, although the weaknesses appear not to be due so much to the efforts of Humphrey et al. as to the fact that social scientists have often overlooked biophysical variables in the past. For the future, there is a need for more systematic empirical analysis, including a more explicit focus on the characteristics of natural resource activities. In particular, attention needs to be devoted to (1) long‐term declines in both extractive and “linked”; employment; (2) the high levels of volatility that characterize world commodity markets; and (3) the tendency for social science expectations about natural resources, like many other forms of “social construction,”; to be based on untested assumptions that may have grown out of past experiences, but that are not based on careful analysis of long‐term trends, and that may prove inadequate as a guide to the future.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929409380841

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Explaining why poverty exists in natural resource‐dependent areas (NRDAs) presents a formidable challenge, given variability in the nature, spatial manifestations, and social character of human well‐being. Nonetheless, there are structures and processes unique to NRDAs, including resource degradation, increasingly restrictive public land use policies, concentrated land ownership, and high rates of occupational injury that create the potential for impoverization in NRDAs. Given this complex context, we examine two theories of poverty. We find processes such as the shift from labor to capital‐intensive resource extraction, profit squeezes, and increased capital mobility identified in advanced capitalism theory help to explain NRDA poverty. In addition, processes identified in the theory of internal colonialism such as unequal exchange, the clash between traditional and secular cultures, and the control of public agencies by powerful private interests are more basic forces in creating NRDA poverty.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929409380842

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper provides an overview of the economic approach to open access, optimum fishery allocation between commercial and recreational users. The goal is to familiarize noneconomists with efficiency concepts, such as net benefit, that pertain to optimum allocation. A theoretical model of the policy trade‐off between economic efficiency and social equity is also developed. Net benefit is distinguished from economic impact, which cannot guarantee optimum allocation. Finally, empirical methods are applied to the red drum fishery in the Gulf of Mexico. Results support policies that reallocate wild red drum from the commercial to the recreational fishery.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929409380843

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A survey of New England residents suggests that achieving an acceptable balance between coyote control and coyote protection is likely to be very difficult. Only 5% of survey respondents felt that coyotes should be eliminated, but when asked if coyotes should be completely protected, 39% agreed, 40% disagreed, and 23% were willing to pay an average of $5.05 per year for coyote protection, while a similar number (19%) were willing to pay an average of $4.20 per year to control coyotes.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929409380844

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The rapid rate of tropical forest loss in recent years has prompted efforts to develop sustainable land uses. The success of these efforts has been hindered by the lack of an operational definition of sustainable land use and the overuse of a traditional‐modern dichotomy to evaluate sustainability. To address the former problem, six dimensions of sustainable land use are identified, permitting a more objective evaluation of sustainability. In response to the latter problem, a household ecology model is proposed that views all land use as responding to the social, economic, political, and environmental context in which it occurs. A mosaic of land uses developed by smallholder colonists in Costa Rica is described, and the sustainability of its components is discussed. The mosaic includes intensive cattle raising, intensive agriculture with permanent cash crops, and forests. Steps that can be taken to further encourage sustainable elements of this land use mosaic are identified.

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929409380845

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929409380846

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0894-1920    

DOI:10.1080/08941929409380838

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor