摘要:

Abstract:The TRISTAR expert system (TRIangular STrAtegic Rules for British herbaceous vegetation) is a PC‐based consultancy tool designed to help bridge the gap between academic plant ecology and practical vegetation management. It is a ‘what if facility, for use by students, naturalists, conservationists, planners, administrators; indeed anyone with an interest in environmental science and management, conservation or reconstruction of herbaceous vegetation. The system is written in Leonardo 3 (Creative Logic Limited, Uxbridge, UK). Release I of TRISTAR deals with the fundamental environmental and management processes which control the composition of British herbaceous vegetation. The system takes a specification of initial steady‐state vegetation, asks the user to specify an altered environmental and/or management scenario, and predicts the composition of a new steady‐state vegetation in terms of plant‐strategic types. The high‐level approach through plant strategies makes it possible to construct a very robust rulebase despite a lack of hard information in many areas of un

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1991.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The rapid growth in the use of expert systems has led to widespread interest in techniques for their evaluation, which includes verification and validation. Evaluation techniques in the software engineering community are well established but there are different opinions about the effectiveness of transferring software engineering methodologies to expert systems. This paper outlines some of the issues involved in evaluating expert systems and cites almost 200 significant papers on the topic. We present it with the expectation that it will help both new and established researchers become acquainted with the literature of an important and growing field.

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1991.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This article describes the integration of an expert system shell (AllRound Expert System, AR/XPS) with a Unix‐based 4GL application generator (Task Flow Management, TFM). TFM supports the client‐server architecture of distributed applications and provides access to several relational databases, including Informix and Oracle. A short overview of the major features of TFM is given, with special regard to characteristics relevant for the integration of an expert system. The main focus lies in the architecture of AR/XPS, which contains rule‐based and frame‐based knowledge representation methods and which was implemented in Prolog; the user interface is totally unified with that of TFM, so that the user sees only one system and need not be aware that an expert system is present. AR/XPS has access to all features of TFM and to any databases present, so that an expert system can take decisions according to the current status of the database. At the end of this article a description of the Knowledge Base Creator is given and some remarks are made regarding our experience with pilot appli

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1991.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Knowledge base verification, a part of the validation process in expert system development, includes checking the knowledge base for completeness and consistency to guard against a variety of errors that can arise during the process of transferring expertise from a human expert to a computer system. Regardless of how an expert system is developed, its developers can profit from a systematic check of the knowledge base without gathering extensive data for test runs, even before the full reasoning mechanism is functioning. Until recently knowledge base verification has been largely ignored, which has led to expert systems with knowledge base errors and no safety factors for correctness. We propose a unification‐based approach for verification of a knowledge base represented in the form of production rules and facts. This approach can determine conflicting, redundant, subsumed and circular rules; redundant if‐conditions in rules; dead‐end rules; and cycles and contradiction in

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1991.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The need to integrate knowledge‐based systems (KBS) with mainstream data processing (DP) systems is increasingly recognised. It is also recognised that there is no ideal mode of KBS integration: different types of problem call for different modes of integration. Many large organisations are now facing a serious problem in the operation of their existing DP systems. This paper focuses on the problem of providing intelligent support to the (often inexperienced) terminal users of complex mainframe systems—but without initiating any significant changes to the existing DP environment. Over the past few years we have been attempting to evolve a solution to this type of problem that is satisfactory from both a human and a software engineering perspective. This paper outlines the previous work and considerations underlying our current approach. Starting from a purely mainframe‐based mode of integration, this has entailed locating an increasing number of an integrated KBS‐DP system's components onto a front‐end workstation. In our current solution, both user interface and KBS modules reside on a workstation linked to the (unchanged) mainframe environment. The key element of this approach is terminal operator emulation: a KBS‐controlled 'script’ facility on a workstation which emulates the flexible keyboard behaviour of an experienced mainframe terminal user interacting with an existing DP system. The software tools and techniques employed in implementing this solution are discussed and details of a large operational system are presented as an exampl

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1991.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This paper describes some of the problems encountered in developing a user interface for a commercial expert system. The emphasis is on the practical side of interface implementation while attempting to follow the many guidelines presented in the literature.

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1991.tb00375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1991.tb00376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1991.tb00377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1991.tb00378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Integrating knowledge‐based and database management systems, Ruth KerryNonmonotonic reasoning: logical foundations of commonsense Gerhard BrewkaBuilding knowledge‐based systems: towards a methodology John S. EdwardsThe Rise of the Expert Company—How Visionary Companies are Using Artificial ntellig ence to Achieve Higher Productivity and Prof its, Edward Feig

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1991.tb00379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY