摘要:

Abstract:This paper presents a knowledge‐based system for task allocation in a network of processors. Since the problem is NP‐complete, optimisation techniques are computationally prohibitive and impractical. Our approach reduces computational burden by using (1) a two‐level hierarchical scheduling model to alleviate the problem complexity, and (2) a search strategy that uses knowledge from the knowledge base to limit the search space to a manageable size. The major goal of our approach is to generate good but not necessarily optimal solutions quickly. The system is implemented on a Sun SPARCstation 1 + using Common Lisp. Our computational experience in using this system for task allocation indicates that the two‐level hierarchical approach generates better schedules in shorter computational time than a non‐hierarchical

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Research into the development and impacts of expert systems has accumulated to a point where it may be said to constitute a distinct field of study. As such, the evolution, organisation and dissemination of expert system research are themselves topics for investigation. Here we focus on the dissemination aspect, providing objective rankings of journals that have had the greatest impacts on recent expert system research. Our study examines the citation patterns of all research published in five expert systems journals during the past five years. Over 14 000 citations to more than 800 journals are analysed under two kinds of ranking schemes. These are based on cumulative citation counts and normalised citation counts. The latter adjusts for the number of years a journal article has been available to be cited. The reported rankings will be of interest to all who want to know where scientific developments that influence expert system research are reported: those who conduct, support, evaluate and study expert system research.

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Increased interest in problem‐solving decisions in the area of engineering leads to an increased demand for expert system applications. This paper presents an expert system that detects faults in hydraulic systems by simulating the reasoning of the expert, using as guide the hydraulic circuit of the system on the screen and extensive graphical information. A graphical user interface, appropriate explanations by using hypertext and user modelling have been implemented in order to produce a system that overcomes the usual interface problems of expert systems in engineering.This system has been developed in close collaboration with the company Automation Systems SA (Mannesmann Rexroth — Greece) and is currently used to detect faults in hydraulic presses, a fact that presents evidence of its usefuln

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This paper proposes a fuzzy post adjustment (FPA) mechanism so that human knowledge and machine knowledge can be integrated more synergistically to improve the performance of expert systems. Machine knowledge means knowledge algorithmically derived from past instances. Human knowledge implies (1) expert knowledge judging the trends of external factors and (2) user knowledge representing users’personal views about information given by both expert knowledge and machine knowledge. We consider an expert system that uses the FPA mechanism to incorporate the effect of external factors effectively into its inference process. The goal of this expert system is stock market timing prediction, which is divided into four kinds: bull, edged‐up, edged‐down and bear. Empirical tests showed that the proposed FPA mechanism can improve the performance of an expert system significantly, even in a turbulent decision‐making envi

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:There is still a need for new knowledge elicitation techniques and tools. Laddering is a technique which has a long history in a wide range of disciplines and which has proved extremely useful in knowledge elicitation. There have, however, been few attempts to describe and survey the technique per se.This paper describes the technique, its background, its use, analysis, and automation, with particular reference to knowledge elicitation. The advantages and disadvantages of the technique are described. It is concluded that laddering is a valuable technique which could be used in a wide range of settings.

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Retrieving ad hoc data from information systems is difficult for non‐expert users. Despite the efforts made in improving query tools (e.g. visual query construction, Query By Example, query templates), empirical research shows that constructing a request is still difficult (Reisner 1988). The core of the problem seems to be in the difference between the way the user perceives the application domain and the way the system requires the user to see it (Carroll&Olsen 1988).In this paper we describe the design and implementation of an ad hoc query tool developed by RCC for a personnel information system, and how AI techniques contributed to this module. The main novel idea incorporated in the query tool is to present the user with a means to question the conceptual model of the system instead of the technical model. To support this, a blackboard architecture has been designed and implemented with knowledge sources that translate the user's questions to database queries. The query tool is used in daily practice by over 100 user

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Art and Science of Smalltalk: An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Using VisualWorks Simon LewisThe Book of GENESIS: Exploring Realistic Neural Models with the General Neural Simulation System James Bower and D. BeemanThe Book of GENESIS: Exploring Real istic Neural Models with the General Neural Simulation System James Bower and D. BeemanThe ISDN Literacy Book Gerald L. HopkinsThe Virtual Reality Casebook Carl Eugene LoeHer and Tim

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0266-4720    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY