摘要:

The low-pressure duct perfusion model reliably produces acute pancreatitis in cats. The main pancreatic duct is made permeable in one of several ways: the perfusion of glycodeoxycholic acid along the main pancreatic duct, the administration of intragastric ethanol, the stimulation of pancreatic secretion into an obstructed duct, or the creation of acute hypercalcemia. Active pancreatic enzymes are then perfused through the main pancreatic duct via a catheter inserted into the duct in the tail of the gland, and acute edematous pancreatitis results. Simultaneous infusion of 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 converts acute edematous into acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Histologically, the characteristic changes of human acute pancreatitis are manifest 24 h later: necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltrate, hemorrhage and edema.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129239

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The fecofiowmetric pattern of fecal incontinence was studied in 38 patients. 21 patients had complete and 17 partial incontinence. Twenty normal controls of matching sex and age were also studied. EMG of external anal sphincter and puborectalis as well as the measuring of anal pressure were done. The fecal flow rate was determined by means of the fecoflowmeter. In complete incontinence, the EMG of the rectal sphincters showed no activity, and the anal pressure was lower than controls at rest and on squeezing (p < 0.0001). The fecoflowgram showed as ‘minicurve’ because the patients had leaked most of the enema before the test started. In partial incontinence EMG of the sphincters showed subnormal activity on squeezing. The anal pressure recorded values lower than in the normal controls at rest (p < 0.001) and on voluntary squeezing (p < 0.0001), though they were higher than those of complete incontinence. The flow rate parameters and curve were characteristic. The evacuated volume as well as the mean and maximum flow rate were higher (p < 0.001), while the flow time (p < 0.001) and the time to maximum flow (p < 0.01) were shorter than in normal subjects. The ascending limb of the flow curve rose more steeply and was smooth. There was no plateau. The descending limb sloped more gradually and showed fluctuations. Fecoflowmetry could thus be an investigative tool not only in diagnosing but also in identifying the type of fecal incontine

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129189

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Vascular mechanisms are not standard tools to induce acute pancreatitis. They are used for special purposes to investigate the pathophysiologic significance of circulatory changes in acute pancreatitis. Because of the rich collateral network, occlusion of the main pancreatic arteries induces no pathological change. Complete occlusion of the venous outflow induces hemorrhagic necrosis of the pancreas, disturbances of the microcirculation, edema and focal parenchymal necrosis as in acute pancreatitis. In the last model, pancreatic and systemic alterations can be examined.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129240

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The main bile-induced panreatitis models are described with special attention to the duct injection models in dogs and the obstruction/reflux model in opossums. Practical problems of setup, study controls and monitoring are addressed. As for the opossum model, due to its clinical relevance the high variability of problems in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis that may be tackled by this model makes it a very useful, simple and not too expensive tool in the hands of a pancreatitis researcher.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129241

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A growing body of evidence suggests that oxygen radicals are generated in all forms of experimental pancreatitis at an early stage of disease. Moreover, first indirect observations assume that also in human acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis oxygen free radicals are generated and add to the damages seen. The source of the enhanced production of oxygen radicals remains still unclear. Experimentally, the efficiency of scavenger treatment varies between three different models, whereby these differences depend more on the design of the experimental models than on the form of pancreatitis which was induced. Antioxidant treatment with radical scavengers should therefore interrupt these deleterious pathomechanisms or at least mitigate the damages normally seen. Most studies, however, pretreated the experimental animals before inducing acute pancreatitis, which does not mirror the clinical reality. Patients, however, are admitted after onset of the disease. Therefore, well-defined, controlled clinical studies are needed to validate the involvement of oxygen radicals in acute and chronic pancreatitis and the effect of scavenger treatment in patients with pancreatitis.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129242

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

There are several well-standardized models of experimental acute pancreatitis such as the closed duodenal loop technique, cholecystokinin or cerulein stimulation, duct injection and diet-induced acute experimental pancreatitis. With regard to human acute pancreatitis, experimental models in animals have a considerable high clinical relevance if the subject of investigation concerns pathogenetic, morphological and diagnostic approaches to the disease; as regards the treatment modalities and causative therapy of acute pancreatitis, experimental models in animals up to now seem to be far away from the clinical situation and therefore these protocols have low clinical relevance. The reasons for this discrepancy are outlined in this paper.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129243

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129244

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129245

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129246

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger