摘要:

Cardiac transplantation is followed by the interruption of afferent nerves to the heart. Knowing that some of the afferent nerves are responsible for the homeostasis of the blood volume, we undertook a serial and long-term study of the blood volume in 25 dogs with denervated hearts. The animals were autotransplanted in order to eliminate repercussions linked to rejection and to its treatment. To discern the effects of surgery and of extracorporeal circulation from those of denervation, a group of 11 control dogs was operated upon and subjected to a period of extracorporeal circulation. In both groups, serial and long-term studies of blood volume were carried out daily with 131I-labeled albumin. Analysis of the results demonstrated that in the hours following surgery, blood volume is significantly decreased by 11 % in the control group and by 22 % in group 2. By the 5th postoperative day, the blood volume had increased gradually to attain normal values in both groups. At the 2nd postoperative week, the total blood volume remained normal in the control group, whereas blood volume had increased by 5.7% in the autotransplanted dogs, this being due to a 38% increase of the plasmatic phase. This increment persisted from the 14th to the 42nd postoperative day and attained 7.4%. Our conclusion is that the variations in blood volume during the 1st postoperative week in the autotransplanted heart are inherent in surgery and in extracorporeal circulation. Afterwards, the hypervolemia shown in the transplanted dogs is secondary to cardiac denervation.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128700

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects and safety limits of acute hemodilution on hepatic energy status were investigated in relation to arterial blood ketone body ratio and hepatic energy charge in a hemodilution rat model. As long as the hematocrit value was maintained above 20%, ketone body ratio and energy charge level at 6 h after hemodilution remained at the same levels as those of the sham-diluted groups. However, when hematocrit value was less than 15%, the ketone body ratio markedly decreased from the control value of 0.686 ± 0.044 to 0.278 ± 0.048 (p < 0.001), and energy charge decreased from the control value of 0.856 ± 0.012 to 0.806 ± 0.011 (p < 0.01). From these results, it was suggested that hemodilution exerts no influence on the energy status of the liver as long as hematocrit is maintained above

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128701

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A study of portal plasma endotoxin levels was performed using a chromogenic limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The assay proved sensitive and reproducible. In only 1 of 25 healthy subjects was the systemic plasma endotoxin level above 100 pg/ml (equivalent Escherichia coli 0111B4). In 30 non-jaundiced patients undergoing surgery the mean (+SEM) portal plasma endotoxin level (60 + 9 pg/ml) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the mean level in the systemic blood (46 + 6 pg/ml), supporting the concept of endotoxin absorption from the intestine into the portal blood. In 20 patients with obstructive jaundice undergoing surgery 42% of portal, 45% of inferior mesenteric and 35% of systemic venous plasma endotoxin levels were above 100 pg/ml. There were significantly higher levels in the portal (p < 0.05) and inferior mesenteric (p < 0.05) compared with the systemic blood. Neither the presence of malignancy nor the duration of surgery appeared to influence endotoxin absorption. The significance of raised plasma endotoxin levels in obstructive jaundice is discussed.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128702

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three manometric characteristics of the distal oesophageal sphincter (DOS; pressure, length below the respiratory inversion point, i.e., abdominal length, and overall length) were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers and in 66 patients with typical symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) disease. The aim of the work was to correlate the DOS deficiency with symptoms, endoscopic oesophagitis and with specific patterns of GOR as determined by means of 24-hour oesophageal pH monitoring. The results showed that patients with and without GOR disease cannot be separated solely on the basis of the standard manometric test, even adopting more parameters besides the traditional DOS pressure measurement. A functional defect of the DOS may be hypothesized for those patients with an apparently normal DOS on standard oesophageal manometry.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128703

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An operative technique using a mechanical stapling device has been developed to simplify proximal gastric vagotomy. A series of gastric fistula dogs underwent posterior truncal vagotomy and anterior lesser curvature stapling. The basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion was measured before surgery and 2 weeks and 3 and 9 months after surgery. During the whole period, no change in body weight was noticed. Gastric acid secretion in dogs remained low and stable during the first year after the procedure.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128704

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Antrectomy is accepted as the most effective surgical treatment of recurrent duodenal ulcer after complete vagotomy. Although antrectomy is aimed at reducing serum gastrin levels, both human and experimental reports seem to indicate that gastrin concentrations may be unchanged following this operation. The probable source of gastrin has been considered to be the proximal third of the duodenum, since at this level increased tissue gastrin concentrations were found after antrectomy. The present study was carried out in order to gain insight into the mechanism by which the duodenum may compensate for the removal of the antrum. Forty white rats were randomly divided into two equal groups and underwent antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy or simple laparotomy. Three to four months after surgery, serum gastrin determinations were carried out by radioimmunoassay both in fasted and freely fed rats. The duodenum was then removed and its proximal third was used for G cell counts (immunoperoxidase method) and for assessment of G cell cytoplasmic granule distribution (electron-microscopic examination). Antrectomy significantly increased fasting serum gastrin levels (p < 0.01), while it completely abolished the gastrin response to food ingestion (p < 0.001). In antrectomized rats, the duodenal G cell number was significantly higher than in control rats (p < 0.001), whilst the G cell cytoplasmic granule number remained unchanged. In conclusion, the present study indicates that in the rat the proximal duodenum increases its content of tissue gastrin following antrectomy mainly by enhancing the regional G cell density.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128705

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The aim was to determine whether a proximal jejunal fistula would speed gastric emptying after truncal vagotomy and Roux distal gastrectomy. Eight vagotomy-gastrectomy dogs were studied; 4 had a jejunal fistula, and 4 other dogs without a fistula served as controls. The rate of gastric emptying of 100 ml 25% dextrose in the fistula dogs with the fistula open (95 ± 3 ml/20 min) was faster than in the same dogs with the fistula closed (62 ± 10 ml/20 min; p < 0.05) and faster than in dogs without a fistula (77 ± 5 ml/20 min; p 0.05). We concluded that diversion of the enteric content to the exterior through a proximal jejunal fistula increases the rate of gastric emptying of 25% dextrose solutions in dogs with truncal vagotomy and Roux gastrecto

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128706

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to define a model of transient coronay occlusion (CO) in the open-chest pig. The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was occluded at its mid-length in 45 white pigs and reperfusion was performed after 30, 45, 60 or 90 min. One group of 9 animals with permanent CO served as control. During the occlusion period only slight hemodynamic changes were observed, but a period of ventricular arrhythmias was consistently observed between 15 and 30 min after CO, with an incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 8 cases (18%). All but 1 of the animals with VF could be defibrillated in less than 1 min or 3 electrical countershocks. Complex arrhythmias with marked hypotension were consistently observed after reperfusion. Histological examination showed a patent coronary artery lumen and minor changes in the LAD coronary artery at the site of occlusion in the reperfused animals and completely occluded arteries in the control group. Two pigs (4.4%) died during the night following CO. Transient CO can be performed safely in pigs with a very low complication rate and a high 24-hour survival rate.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128707

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128708

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger