摘要:

Infusion of phosphoenolpyruvate together with adenosine triphosphate early during reperfusion after ischemia increased the energy content and the left ventricular isovolumic performance in a paracorporeal rat heart model. Excised hearts were subjected to 15 min of complete global ischemia at 37 °C before reperfusion. During reperfusion they were either nonworking (empty-beating) or working (performing left ventricular isovolumic work) between 20 and 40 min of reperfusion before freeze-clamping. Early during reperfusion the excised hearts were either supplemented with 144 µmol phosphoenolpyruvate and 0.67 µmol adenosine triphosphate or nonsupplemented (plain saline) administered in a pulsatile arterial blood flow. The supplemented nonworking group showed significantly higher creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate contents compared to the nonsupplemented group. However, under postischemic working conditions there were no significant differences in high-energy phosphates between the supplemented and the nonsupplemented groups in spite of significantly better left ventricular isovolumic performance in the supplemented group. Concomitantly the efflux of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB indicating cellular damage was significantly less for this group. The data presented here favor the view of a possible compartmentalized adenosine triphosphate pool with a high metabolic turnover close to the plasma membra

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128410

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We demonstrated the effect of hemorrhagic shock with resuscitation on pulmonary fluid and protein exchange in anesthetized dogs. Lung lymph flow decreased during early shock and then increased gradually to baseline during late shock as the pulmonary vascular pressures reverted toward baseline levels, while the lymph-to-plasma protein ratio remained relatively constant throughout the shock period. During resuscitation, lung lymph flow increased significantly with the decreasing lymph:plasma protein ratio, suggesting no change in permeability to proteins. Lymph protein flow, which is characteristic of increased endothelial permeability, was also not altered during resuscitation, compared to that following increased vascular pressure induced by inflation of a left atrial balloon catheter. These findings suggest that no change in pulmonary vascular permeability occurs in anesthetized dogs after hemorrhagic shock with resuscitation.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128411

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A septic shock state was induced in cats by intravenous infusion of live Escherichia coli bacteria. Cats pretreated with an unspecific 5-HT blocker, dihydroergotamine (DHE), or with a specific 5-HT blocker, ketanserin, were compared with a series receiving bacteria without pretreatment. DHE pretreatment prevented the reduction in systemic arterial blood pressure found in the other series during the 2-hour period of septic shock. Pretreatment could not influence the increased vascular resistance in the pulmonary vascular bed or the early increase in pulmonary arterial blood pressure. Peripheral blood flow distribution was studied using radioactive labelled microspheres. Compared to bacteremia without pretreatment, the 5-HT blockers increased CNS blood flow and ketanserin also prevented the reduction in pancreatic blood flow. Gastric blood flow and gastric mucosal blood flow remained unchanged in all series as did the small intestinal total blood flow. Small intestinal mucosal blood flow, however, was reduced after 2 h of bacteremia. Microscopy revealed no gastric epithelial damage while the jejunal mucosa was characteristically damaged. There was no correlation between the changes in the small intestinal blood flow and the degree of mucosal damage, however, supporting the countercurrent theory for the pathogenesis of these lesions.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128412

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 5 adult sheep the psoas muscle of one side was electrically stimulated through the muscle nerves with an implantable stimulation unit for more than 5 weeks. In the final experiments the isometric tetanic tension of the stimulated muscles was reduced to 50–70% of the contralateral normal muscle. The use of only 15 Hz as a stimulation frequency led to a transformation of the originally fast muscle into a slow muscle with more resistance to fatigue. Future application of the chronically stimulated psoas muscle for driving artificial organs is discusse

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128413

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A method of quantitation of mucin using chondroitin sulfate A as a standard has been modified and applied to timed mucin collections from surgically created isolated colonic fistulas in 8 dogs. 25 experiments were conducted in which the effect of secretin was tested in 5. The mucin assay is precise and showed increased colonic mucin secretion in response to secretin. This model appears suitable for pharmacologic assessment of potential drugs for augmenting colonic mucin secretion in states of impaired colonic motility.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128414

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The relationship between the diaphragmatic hiatus, the infra-diaphragmatic esophagus and a manometric tube were examined in 10 patients not suffering from hiatal hernia or gastroesophageal reflux. During surgery, two metal markers were attached to the diaphragmatic hiatus and two others were fixed at the vertex of the angle of His. X-ray examinations were taken during manometric recordings of the high pressure zone (HPZ) both at rest and during relaxation. Comparison between the radiographs showed that during swallowing the manometric tube did not move with respect to the vertebral bodies; contraction of the esophagus caused complete disappearance of the infra-diaphragmatic esophagus. It was also observed that during pressure drop in the HPZ (so-called lower esophageal sphincter relaxation), the manometric recording site is located below the vertex of the angle of His, i.e. in the gastric cavity. These findings provide the basis for a hypothesis to explain the passage of a solid bolus through the lower esophagus into the stomach.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128415

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In short-term experiments (25 or 72 h) oral trypsin inhibitor administration to pancreatitic rats significantly decreased survival rate, whereas oral trypsin administration had no effect in this respect. Neither treatment influenced the activities of amylase in serum, pancreatic tissue or ascites. Trypsin given in excess together with the trypsin inhibitor abolished the deleterious effects on survival caused by the trypsin inhibitor. In a long-term experiment in healthy rats oral trypsin inhibitor ingestion caused a significant increase in pancreatic wet weight, protein concentration and activities of amylase, lipase and trypsinogen in pancreatic tissue; again, trypsin administration had no effect. The data support the idea that oral trypsin inhibitor administration causes release of cholecystokinin (CCK) or CCK-like factors from the intestine by interfering with the negative feedback regulation exerted by intraluminal trypsin. The results of the short-term experiments further indirectly suggest that even small amounts of trypsin within the intestine – as in acute pancreatitis – can exert the feedback regulation. Finally, the results of the long-term experiment suggest that oral administration of trypsin does not exert any suppressive effects on pancreatic wet weight and pancreatic enzyme cont

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128416

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to evaluate the effects of various vein graft preparation media at various temperatures, the 51Cr release from cultured human endothelial cells, and the percentage of loosened cells were determined after incubation of the cells with the media. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to visualize any injuring effect of the media. Incubation was performed with either heparinized sodium acetate (HS), HS with 20% human serum added (HSS), or with cell culture medium with human serum, at either 4, 20 or 37 °C. Incubation with HS resulted in considerable injury, measured both by 51Cr release and percentage of cell detachment. By SEM cell membrane blisters and ruptures were observed. Increasing the temperature aggravated the harmful effects of HS. HSS hampered these hazardous effects significantly, but a slight increase in 51Cr release was observed when increasing the temperature. When incubated with culture medium, both 51Cr release and percentage of loosened cells were low, even at room or body temperature. From the results of the present study it may be suggested that in order to preserve the venous endothelial lining, simple solutions like HS should be avoided for irrigation and store solution of vein grafts in surgery. As we found increased percentage of loosened endothelial cells when incubation was performed with HSS or culture medium at 4 ° C, profound cooling probably has no beneficial effect when the endothelial cells are offered an acceptable flui

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128417

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger