摘要:

Using a quantitative method, involving radioactive labelling of the erythrocytes, platelets and fibrinogen, the relative distribution of these elements was evaluated in the blood and various organs before and after trauma to the hindleg of the dog. It was found that the 59Fe activity (= erythrocytes) increased in the blood concomitant with a haematocrit increase. This activity also increased to a small degree in the kidney but otherwise was unchanged in the other organs studied. 51Cr was used as a platelet label. The 51Cr activity decreased in blood and increased markedly in the lung and also in the kidney. It was unchanged in the traumatized muscle but decreased in the untraumatized muscle. Fibrinogen was labelled with 125I. This activity decreased in the blood, increased in the traumatized muscle and decreased in the untraumatized muscle but was unchanged in the lung and kidney. Essentially the same pattern was found in dogs treated with a fibrinolytic inhibitor (AMCA). The results indicate that platelets are aggregated in the posttraumatic period and have a special tendency to accumulate in the lung and probably also in the kidney. Fibrin was not deposited in the lung and kidney even if fibrinolysis was blocked with an antifibrinolytic agent (AMCA).

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127568

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Oxygen tension of thoracic duct lymph was measured continuously in dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Compared to untreated controls, the group given during the development of the shock a single large dose of a potent glucocorticoid type steroid showed a higher lymph pO2 during oligemia and a longer period of compensation. Lymph oxygen tension was higher even after reinfusion of the blood. The results suggest that previously reported increases in blood flow in the splanchnic and renal circulations after corticosteroid administration in shock are associated with corresponding oxygen tension changes in these organs.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127569

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

For the purpose of blood volume determination the mixing time and disappearance rate of R131IHSA and 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes was measured in rats under normal conditions and in hemorrhagic shock. Using a reservoir technique the mean arterial blood pressure of rats was reduced to 30 mm Hg over a period of 240 min (stage 1), 270 min (stage 2), and 300 min (stage 3). After this time the equilibration pattern and the blood volume were found to be markedly changed. The mixing time of both tracers was prolonged up to 6-fold in shock stage 1 and to 30-fold in shock stage 3. Whereas the disappearance rate of R131IHSA increased from 7 to 18%/h. Blood volume values measured with R131IHSA were always found to be higher than values determined with "Cr-erythrocytes. Depending on the shock stage blood volume was decreased with both methods. Only in shock stage 3 a reverse proportion of R131IHSA values to 51Cr-erythrocyte values was observed and could be explained by incomplete mixing of the tracer. These investigations show clearly that blood volume measurements are only reliable if changes in the mixing time and the disappearance rate are known.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127570

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The haemodynamic pattern and myocardial oxygen, pyruvate and lactate metabolism elicited by experimental hemorrhagic shock in the unanaesthetized dog, in which electromagnetic flow-meters had previously been implanted around the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery and ascending aorta, catheters chronically-inserted into the aorta and coronary sinus, were studied. There were little changes in coronary blood flow, myocardial O2-consumption, lactate and pyruvate blood levels, Δ-redox potential, Δ L/P or excess lactate before the blood pressure had dropped to irreversible shock level. When mean arterial pressure dropped to approximately 40 mm Hg, myocardial O2-consumption and coronary blood flow fell abruptly, while lactate and pyruvate arterial and venous levels increased markedly; Δ-redox potential, Δ L/P and excess lactate values were unchanged or improved. This seems to indicate that even in irreversible shock there is no shift towards anaerobic metabolism of the he

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127571

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Circulatory, metabolic and respiratory responses to a lethal dose of purified E. coli endotoxin were determined in non-medicated (A), phenoxybenzamine-(B), propranolol-(C) and phenoxybenzamine + propranolol (D) premedicated greyhounds. Systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction were virtually absent in A, C and D. Lactic acidosis was reduced in C and D. Distinct from hemorrhagic hypotension, plasma catecholamine level was not reduced in D. Tolerance to endotoxinemia was reduced in C and, distinct from hemorrhagic hypotension, was not convincingly improved in D. Animals surviving for 24 h were found to be in shock without any specific features and administration of isoproterenol at this stage proved to be ineffective.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127572

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In accordance with other researchers,we found that skin allografts in unrelated pigs are usually rejected within 5–10 days of grafting, and that the allografts of porcine liver are particularly well-tolerated without immunosuppressive therapy. Other researchers also report that skin or kidney allografts from the same donor performed simultaneously with liver transplantation enjoy immunosuppressive effects caused by liver allografts. Our findings on skin allografts from the same donor performed simultaneously with liver allografts show that: (a) skin grafts always break down after a set time, in the same way as those not associated with liver transplantation, and (b) skin grafts do not interfere with the rejection of liver allografts. These findings did not change even under the following experimental conditions: in the orthotopic or heterotopic liver transplantation, and with blood transfusions from the donor only; from the donor and another source or, finally, from an entirely different source. We have also proved that a previously transplanted skin graft is capable, when a second skin graft is transplanted simultaneously with a liver allograft from the same donor, of sensitizing the subject, causing a second-set phenomenon of the subsequent skin graft and a first-set phenomenon, or an aggressive rejection of the liver. These findings confirm once more the particular tolerance of pigs to orthotopic liver allografts without immunosuppressive therapy between subjects immunologically competent, and seem to deny the ability of liver allografts to protect the tissues of the donor itsel

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127573

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Arteriovenous shunting in visceral organs was studied by simultaneous injection of 15 ± 5 and 50 ± 10 (SD) µm microspheres labelled with different isotopes into the left atrium of unanesthetized, unsedated dogs, pentobarbital anesthetized dogs, unanesthetized and unsedated dogs as well as anesthetized dogs subjected to a 1-week’s biliary stasis, and anesthetized dogs subjected to a 6-weeks’ biliary stasis. All dogs showed moderate shunting of the smaller spheres in the stomach. Dogs subjected to a 1-week’s biliary stasis demonstrated signs of shunting also in the jejunum-ileum. All anesthetized dogs, both with and without biliary obstruction, showed signs of substantial shunting outside the visceral area. In dogs subjected to a 1-week’s biliary stasis the liver blood flow was increased owing to increased flow through the hepa

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127574

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a thrombocyte aggregation-inhibitor on the fall in thrombocyte count during extracorporeal circulation in dogs. When extracorporeal circulation had been established, the thrombocyte count observed during the 2-hour experiment with a flow of approximately 20 ml/kg/min showed an average fall of more than 50% of the initial value. This was reduced to 25% by administering a Dipyridamol-derivative (5 mg/kg RA 233, Thomae, Biberach). According to current views loss of thrombocytes during extracorporeal circulation is mainly due to aggregation, although there are other contributary factors such as loss of blood, destruction of thrombocytes, dilution in the system, and deposits of thrombocytes on parts of the heart-lung machine. We suppose that the fall in thrombocytes may be affected favourably by administering an aggregation inhibitor.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127575

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127576

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger