ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129520

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Adhesion molecules on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) play an important role in nonspecific defense mechanisms directed at invading microorganisms. When local infection, however, cannot be controlled, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) ensues which may progress to septic shock and multiple organ failure, these being major determinants of the patient’s outcome. In the present study, the expression of β2-integrins and L-selectin on blood PMNL was measured on subsequent days in patients with sepsis (n = 17) and in healthy volunteers (n = 15). β2 12) were compared, basal expressions of both β2-integrins and L-selectin were significantly lower in patients who did not survive. Thus, measurement of adhesion molecules on circulating PMNL may be useful to identify septic patients at high risk for lethal out

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129521

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We investigated the function of splenic macrophages (Mφs) with respect to changes in plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in lethally endotoxemic rats treated with gadolinium chloride (GdCI3), which blocks the phagocytosis of large liver Mφs. We also carried out an immunohistochemical study to investigate the change of populations of liver and splenic Mφs under the condition of dysfunction of liver Mφs with or without splenectomy. Twenty-four-hour survival rates were 100% in the GdCI3-treated group (n=6) and 0% in the nontreated group (n = 6). These rates did not change with splenectomy. Immunohistochemical examination with the primary monoclonal antibodies EDI, ED2 and ED3 revealed that large liver Mφs were eliminated after GdCl3 injection, and that this was not related to splenectomy. The splenic Mφ s were not affected by GdCI3 treatment. Plasma TNF levels did not differ between the GdCI3-treated and the nontreated groups, irrespective of whether splenectomy was performed. It was suggested that plasma TNF levels are not affected by the splenic Mφs and that they do not compensate for dysfunction of liver Mφ s after GdCI3 tr

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129522

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In rats with chronic portal hypertension (PH) and common bile duct ligation (CBDL), significant ileal bacterial overgrowth, translocation of indigenous intestinal bacteria, a decrese in hepatic and ileal reduced glutathione (GSH) and an increase in ileal mucosal lipid peroxidation occur. α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) treatment attenuated the incidence of bacterial translocation, improved hepatic and ileal GSH levels and decreased ileal mucosal lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that in chronic PH and CBDL oxidative processes in the liver and intestine play an important role for bacterial translocation

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129523

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We present a new animal model of reversible obstructive jaundice, in which two polyethylene tubes were inserted into the common bile duct, one towards the liver and the other towards the duodenum. The ends of the tubes were tunneled subcutaneously and tied shut to establish obstructive jaundice. Biliary drainage was achieved without a second laparotomy by connecting the tubes with a 1-cm segment of a 24-gauge needle. Serum concentrations of total bilirubin (TB), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and albumin (Alb.) were measured before and after obstruction and decompression. TB, GOT, GPT and ALP increased and Alb. decreased 7 days after the onset of biliary obstruction. All values normalized 14 days after biliary drainage at the latest. Our model is reproducible and allows for evaluation of biliary decompression. Unlike previous models, it can be used for long-term investigation of chronic obstructive jaundice.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129524

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Introduction: The treatment of hydatid disease is largely surgical, with medical treatment being reserved as coadjuvant treatment. The scolicidal agents have been, and are being used mainly during surgical manipulation of the cysts, with the object of avoiding relapses and peritoneal dissemination. Objective: Evaluation of the scolicidal agents used in surgery in a hydatid disease model in the mouse. Material and Methods: We have used 85 Swiss OF1 mice, weighing more than 30 g, of 90 ± 10 days of age, in which a picture of hydatid sowing was reproduced by means of intra-peritoneal inoculation with 0.2 ml of a suspension which contained approximately 1,200 viable protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus which came from the livers of parasite-infested sheep. 24 h after the inoculation, the mice were subjected to a median laparotomy for the introduction of 1 ml of the scolicidal solution to be evaluated: physiologic saline (n = 10); 10% povidone iodine (n = 15); praziquantel (n = 15); 10% hydrogen peroxide (n = 15); 10% hypertonic saline (n = 15); simulated operation (n = 15). After 7 months of follow-up, the mice were sacrificed and the following was evaluated: number of isolated cysts, cyst masses, and total cysts. Results: The number of isolated cysts which developed was significantly lower in the hydrogen peroxide group (tF 2.14 < RC 3.29). The number of cyst masses was significantly reduced in the hydrogen peroxide group (tF 2.14 < RC 2.18), in the povidone iodine group (tF 2.17 < RC 3), and in the hypertonic saline group (tF 2.11 < RC 2.77). The total number of cysts which developed decreased significantly in the hydrogen peroxide (tF 2.14 < RC 2.84) and the povidone iodine (tF 2.17 < RC 3.79) groups. Conclusions: Hydrogen peroxide and povidone iodine show a greater protoscolicidal effect than simple cleansing with physiological saline, hypertonic saline, or praziquantel

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129525

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Total gastrectomy (GX) in humans is frequently followed by osteopenia, but the details are unclear. The present investigations in the rat were aimed at elucidating its pathogenesis. Seventeen weeks after GX, we evaluated Ca, Mg and P metabolism as well as bone parameters, including fluorochrome-based bone histomorphometry. In GX rats, fecal Mg was increased, but intestinal absorption of P, Ca, and Mg was within normal limits, as was the urinary excretion of Ca, Mg, hydroxyproline and the pyridinium cross-links. In contrast, urinary P as well as cyclic AMP were significantly increased. In serum of GX rats, gastrin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) were decreased, and Ca, Mg, P, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and the bone marker osteocalcin were normal, whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] was significantly increased. GX rats had significantly reduced bone density and mineral content, severe high-turnover osteopenia, characterized by normal width but significantly decreased maturation time of osteoid, increased bone formation rate, and increased numbers of osteoclasts. We concluded that after GX (1) there is high-turnover osteopenia with normal mineralization and other histomor-phometric features resembling those seen in states with hyperphosphaturia and subsequent hypervitaminosis D; (2) normal serum PTH levels and several indirect indicators of parathyroid gland function argue against the presence of (secondary) hyperparathyroidism, whereas increased bone mobilization due to elevated 1,25(OH)2D explains the maintenance of homeostasis of serum minerals, especially Ca, at the expense of bone mineral; (3) a complex interplay of mineral-metabolic effectors exists, among which low 25-OHD-PTH-independent renal phosphate losses, and high 1,25(OH)2D are prominent features. The presented animal model is recommended for future research in this area.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129526

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Thyroid hormones were demonstrated to upregulate the synthesis of epidermal growth factor (EGF) mRNA and proEGF in the kidneys in vivo. This prospective study was performed to examine the extent of the hypothyroid state in modulating EGF excretion in the urine (U-EGF; n = 23). Patients with thyroid cancer were serially followed up from the euthyroid status, which was retained by thyroxine supplement after thyroidectomy, to the hypothyroidism in preparing for 131I whole body scanning. Paired thyroid function panel, including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and U-EGF levels were measured on a weekly basis. Logarithmically transformed values of U-EGF were inversely correlated with TSH serum levels (p = 0.0000), but positively associated with T4 0.1, respectively). If the interval of measurement was taken into consideration, serum TSH was the most significant factor in association with U-EGF (p = 0.0003). Our data indicate that excretion of EGF in human urine depends substantially upon thyroid hormone support.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129527

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In the presence of severe rejection, cardiac allograft perfusion has been shown to be impaired. Since a functionally reversible vasoconstrictor component has been identified in this condition and rejection does not reverse if ischemia does not, we hypothesized that diltiazem may be beneficial in this condition. Experiments were performed on dogs with heterotopic heart transplants and chronic instrumentation for the assessment of allograft perfusion. Two groups of cardiac allograft recipients were studied: untreated recipients and recipients treated with the calcium antagonist diltiazem (180 mg twice daily, orally). Allograft blood flow was monitored daily along with plasma diltiazem levels. The lymphoproliferative response to mitogens was studied at selected intervals until terminal rejection. Contractile function of the graft was assessed daily by palpation. Without immunosuppression, terminal rejection was observed within 7 days. Rejection was confirmed by histology; cellular infiltration and myocyte necrosis were present in all cardiac allografts but to a significantly lesser degree in diltiazem-treated recipients. The mean blood flow of heterotopically implanted hearts was in the range of 35-50 ml/min, which decreased steadily in untreated recipents. In contrast, significant improvement of allograft perfusion was observed in diltiazem-treated recipients at days 4–6 after transplantation. Diltiazem also significantly attenuated mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation at peak sensitivity (2 days after transplantation). Diltiazem plasma concentrations were in the therapeutic range (30–60 ng/ml) before and after cardiac transplantation. Results of the present study demonstrate beneficial effects of diltiazem in the course of severe cardiac rejection. Such findings support its use during rejection when maintenance of graft blood flow and myocyte protection may be important for myocardial function and viabil

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000129528

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger