摘要:

In this paper, delivered before the European SocietyBronowski, Johann Darwin, for Experimental Surgery in Oslo, May 3, 1973, Dr. Francis Moore defines surgical research as ‘research in human biology that will benefit surgical care’. He shows the importance of the development of this definition and the importance of avoiding more narrow functional or operational definitions depending upon the name of the person doing the research, his previous training or the location of the laboratory. Dr. Moore also emphasizes that surgical research can be categorized in three main areas: discovery (bioscience), development (bioengineering), and delivery (societal studies of surgical care to population). Dr. Moore points out that the first of these has been developed for several centuries, that bioengineering is a new and growing concept for a familiar aspect of surgery, though much of which is of an engineering nature. These studies of surgical care delivery, analysis of the surgical needs of populations and how they are being met both from a societal, clinical, and economic point of view, are much needed at this t

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127664

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To study post-injury metabolic changes, an experimental model was used which observed the effect of repair processes on rat liver microsomes. The effects of trauma itself were minimized by using viscose cellulose sponge-induced granulation tissue formation and sham-operated control animals. It was found that the formation of granulation tissue depressed the microsomal drug-hydroxylating enzyme system, the effect being greatest at the time of the most active collagen synthesis in granulation tissue. The effect was dependent on the amount of granulation tissue formed; larger amounts produced more severe changes. The effect on the hydroxylating enzyme system appears to be due to reduced content of iron-containing cytochrome P-450. Microsomal Mg++ stimulated ATPase activity was also reduced, but glucose-6-phosphatase activity was not affected by the formation of new connective tissue. The microsomal protein and RNA contents in the liver of granuloma-bearing rats were slightly increased; an increased turnover rate was observed in microsomal phospholipids. It is concluded that, following major injuries, reparative connective tissue formation per se affects liver function. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127665

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ten dogs were repeatedly subjected to barbiturate anaesthesia at different intervals. Blood samples and liver biopsy specimens were obtained during each anaesthesia. Alkaline phosphatase activity, demonstrated histochemically in the liver, in creased markedly within the first 24 hours after a barbiturate anaesthesia. The increase persisted for more than 1 week. No increase occurred in serum activity of the enzyme. Control dogs given succinylcholine and local anaesthesia showed no alkaline phosphatase increase in the liver or serum. It was assumed that the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the dog’s liver was caused by the barbiturate and that it was induced by the effect of barbiturate on drug hydroxylating enzyme

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127666

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Until now, preservation of canine liver by hypothermia alone was not successful when the length of preservation exceeded 2 h.In this study, the canine liver was cooled by initial flushing through both portal vein and hepatic artery with the Collins’ solution supplemented with isoproterenol; storage in a commercial refrigerator at 4 °C was followed by orthotopic transplantation (27 experiments). This protocol regularly allowed successful transplantation in consecutive experiments with a preservation period up to 8 h; the viability of these livers was not greatly different from normal controls; outflow block and bleeding diathesis were not observed. Survivals longer than 5 days were obtained when the preservation period was extended from 13 to 19 h despite a bleeding diathesis which was reversed by clot-promoting agen

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127667

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Na+, K+-ATPase activity was studied in subtractions of human kidney homogenates obtained from operative biopsies in 10 patients operated on for kidney tumor. The highest activity was found in the crude microsomal fraction of the outer medulla. The characteristics of the Na+, K+-ATPase activity in human kidneywere similar to those of a variety of tissues in different animal species described in the literature.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127668

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The benefit of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the anoxic myocardial tissue was tested by measuring the transmembrane action potential (TAP) which reflects the across the cell membrane. The study was performed on 150 living, anesthetized rats, using the floating microelectrode technique. In a first group, with anoxia by tracheal occlusion, the changes in frequency and amplitude of TAP are delayed when operating at 3 ata pressure of oxygen. Likewise, in a second group with coronary artery occlusion, the TAP in infarcted areas is less affected during oxygen breathing at 3 ata. It is concluded that HBO is beneficial under these experimental conditions.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127669

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A technic is described for controlled in vivo perfusion of the left upper lobe of the dog lung, preserving innervation, negative intrathoracic pressure, and spontaneous respiration. Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance in this system were studied after selective microembolization of the right lung and the left vascular resistance lower lobe with glass spheres 50 µm in diameter. A transient vasospasm was ellicited by microembolization of the ipsilateral lung. This reflex was not abolished by severing the thoracic sympathetic and vagus nerves. Reimplantation of the left lower lobe prior to emboli-zation prevented a reflex increase in resistance of the isolated perfused lobe

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127670

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To study the changes in jejunal allograft lymph reflecting changes in the rejected transplant, an experimental setting was designed in dogs consisting of a segmental transplant of the jejunum to the neck and an external lymphatic fistula of the graft. Cellular studies of the graft lymph revealed the appearance of blast cellson day 2 and degenerative forms of lymphocytes on day 5. Serological studies revealed increasing cytotoxic titers to the host lymphocytes from the 2nd day on. Peak values were reached at least 2 days before the clinical signs of graft rejection could be seen. This study proves the existence of a GVH reaction in intestinal allotransplants.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127671

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127672

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger