摘要:

The distribution of radioactively labelled platelets, fibrinogen and erythrocytes in blood and various organs was studied after one injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin in dogs. The blood pressure often immediately dropped but then rapidly returned to the control level. This so-called anaphylactoid phase was followed by a progressive shock accompanied by decreasing blood pressure. The platelets also immediately decreased in the blood and appeared in the lungs during this anaphylactoid phase. Immediately after the injection there were also signs of platelet aggregation in the blood. These changes had a tendency to return to the control-value levels but did not fully reach these levels again. No further changes were observed in the blood or lungs during the shock phase. The changes are interpreted as a platelet aggregation induced by the exotoxin. Evidence of a fibrinogen consumption was found but there was no accumulation in any organ. The changes were not induced by the surgical trauma which was necessary to obtain organ biopsies. A similar behaviour of platelets and fibrinogen in blood was found in dogs not subjected to thoracotomy or laparotomy.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127673

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Light microscopical and ultrastructural changes in the rat kidney in tourniquet shock are described. The animals were killed 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after release of tourniquets and two animals (4 and 24 h) were resuscitated with injections of saline. On light microscopy of paraffin-embedded tissue, no changes were apparent. In Epon-embedded sections, there were apparently more cytosomes of proximal tubule cells and increased apical vacuolation in the tubule cells. Disintegrated cells in the tubuli appeared at 24 h. On electron microscopy, the first changes were found at 4 h. In these samples, cytosomes in the proximal tubules appeared increased and apical vacuolation was evident in collecting ducts. Occasional dead cells were seen in the interstitial tissue and in the glomeruli. Platelets were seen attached on capillary walls but evidence of occluding thrombi was absent. At 8 h, proximal tubule cells showed various kinds of large vacuoles and cytosomes, usually situated at the apical part of the cell. Rupture of the limiting membranes of the cytosomes was seen occasionally. In distal tubuli, degenerated cell material was seen. At 24 h, degenerated cell debris was seen in the tubular lumina together with signs of necrosis and exfoliation of distal tubule cells. Apical vacuolation was seen in otherwise preserved epithelial cells. In the saline-resuscitated rat, haemolysis had occurred in the capillaries. The changes in the tubules were patchy and there were apparently unaffected areas between the lesions in the cortex. It is suggested that the pathological changes of tourniquet shock are based on the combined action of hypovolaemia due to limb oedema and circulating factors liberated from the ischaemic tissues.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127674

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This is a study of the injurious effects of transient reflux of diverse solutions when introduced into the pancreas of rats under pressure through the obstructed duodenum. Mild pan Immune complex disease creatitis resulted from introduction of saline. Administration of homologous or heterologous proteinaceous solutions induced moderate pancreatitis; prior sensitization of the animals to the respective protein did not aggravate the inflammatory process. Severe pancreatitis developed after intraduodenal injection of nephrotoxic serum (basement membrane antibodies) or preformed immune complexes. It is suggested that pancreatitis ensues as a result of reflux of solutions carrying activators of trypsinogen from the duodenum into the ducts at a time when pancreatic secretion is enhanced by intestinal hormones. Pancreatic damage results from passage of the activated enzymes across the acinar and ductular epithelium into the interstitial tissue. The severity of the pancreatitis is augmented when immune mechanisms are superimposed. An attempt at demonstrating organ-specific antigens in the urine of rats with pancreatitis was unsuccessful.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127675

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The distribution of cardiac output was studied in unanaesthetized rabbits, in rabbits anaesthetized with pentobarbital and kept at normal body temperature for 2 or 4 h, and in anaesthetized animals kept at a body temperature of 25 °C for 30 min or 2 h. The distribution of blood flow to the different organs of the rabbits was determined by 131I-labelled macroaggregates of albumins, given intracardially in a single dose. The radioactivity of the organs was determined directly in organ samples, or the organs were dissolved in nitric acid and samples of the solutions tested for radioactivity. Anaesthesia decreased the flow fractions to lungs, forelimb muscles and abdominal muscles and increased the fractions to kidneys, small intestine, large intestine and caecum. Hypothermia decreased the flow fractions to bone and small intestine and increased the flow fractions to heart, forelimb muscles and abdominal muscles. It was concluded that pentobarbital anaesthesia causes a redistribution of blood from skeletal muscles to kidneys and intestines. Hypothermia tends to counteract this effect of the anaesthesia and, in addition, results in a decreased flow fraction to bone and an increased fraction to heart

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127676

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to investigate the effect of continuous treatment with immunosuppressive doses of azathioprine and prednisone on rat liver regeneration, an experiment was carried out, in which the regeneration of the liver remnant following 35% partial hepatectomy was measured over a month. Prothrombin activity and bromsulphalein retention were used as parameters to establish regeneration on the basis of the function of the liver. A liver weight restoration index was calculated from the weight of the wet and dry liver. Cell counts were made on histological preparations to detect any possible changes in cell proliferation in the regenerating liver. Most of the parameters indicated that after azathioprine treatment liver regeneration is only slightly inferior to that in the untreated group; the effect of prednisone was much more prominent. The same effect but slightly less was seen in the group where azathioprine and prednisone were given together in lower doses. Both azathioprine and prednisone did not appear to influence the pattern of cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy, but the onset of regeneration was retarded. It was concluded that prednisone might be especially harmful in a system where regeneration of organs is involved.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127677

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

It is customary, in organs removed for transplantation, to lower the metabolic rate by rapid cooling. Possible untoward effects of such practice were investigated by assay of the glycolytic enzyme system in canine kidneys and liver. In excised nonperfused organs and in organs undergoing normothermic perfusion the glycolytic activity remained unaffected. With rapid cooling by intraarterial infusion with a chilled solution there was a significant loss in the enzyme activity; the change was greater in the liver than in the kidney. This possibly detrimental effect could be prevented by a more gradual cooling. The obeservations might have clinical implications.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127678

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Fourteen patients aged 8–47 years were : given brachial arteriovenous shunts. The main indications were a combination of hemodialysis, hepatic assist and intravenous feeding. Five patients were children under 16 years with small peripheral vessels. All shunts were constructed under local anesthesia through a single 5-cm incision in the lower third of the upper arm. A segment of brachial artery just proximal to a major collateral branch and the adjacent basilic vein were used. Shunts were used intermittently for 8 days-7 months and were electively removed when no longer required. Clot formation, sepsis, and functional or circulatory impairment were not encountered. Flow studies showed a peak ‘free’ flow of 200–400 ml and an ‘assisted’ flow, with a pump on the arterial side, of 300–600 ml/min. Angiographic studies showed presence of good collateral vessels and reestablishment of normal flow and pulses in the distal radial and ulnar arteries within 7–14 days. The precise indications for brachial shunts and the surgical techniques employe

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127679

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1973

数据来源: Karger