摘要:

While receiving only cursory attention compared to that of other malignant neoplasms, studies of patients with prostatic cancer have suggested that host responses, mediated in part by immunobiologic factors, may play a significant role in the pathogenesis and thus, the therapeutic management of this disease. For nearly a decade cryosurgery has gradually attained some degree of acceptance as one of the efficacious treatment modalities available in the therapeutic armamentarium for prostatic cancer. In addition to the localized destruction of the primary tumour, reports of secondary tumour cell destruction, i.e. of distant metastases, have supported the suggestion that cryosurgery, as documented in various animal species, may also be immunopotentiating in man. Although our understanding of immunopotentiation of the host’s response to tumour via cryosurgery is far from complete, information derived from experimental studies demonstrating that the developement of an immunologic response following cryosurgery of the prostate may be attributed to androgenically and ontogenically dependent autoantigens may have clinical relevance. This together with knowledge that in the therapeutic management of the patient with prostatic cancer we are confronted with the treatment of an individual who, in the majority of cases, possesses waning immunocompetence, emphasizes the potential significance of evaluating what may be referred to as the ‘cryosensitivity’ of the prospective cryosurgical patient. At present this ‘cryosensitivity’ may be said to be dependent upon: (1) concentration of prostatic tissue [secretory(tumour?)]-specific or tumour-associated auto-(neo?) antigen(s); (2) physiologic state (elaboration of androgen), and (3) immunocompetence. It is hopeful that evaluation of these parameters may provide a rational approach toward determining the acceptability of cryosurgery as the treatment of choice in a give

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127894

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

During continuous systemic or portal infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to anaesthetized pigs, the cytostatic activity was reduced in blood traversing the liver. The liver eliminated between 15 and 5G% of the amount 5-FU given per time unit. During jugular infusion the concentration of cytostatic compounds in portal blood was equal to or less than in systemic blood. The cytostatic activity was much higher in portal blood and lower in systemic blood during portal infusion. The findings speak in favour of portal infusions of 5-FU to patients with disseminated cancer in the liver.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127895

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In two groups, each consisting of five healthy volunteers, 7 ml blood/kg body weight were exchanged with equal amounts of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and dextran 60 solutions, respectively. Dextran 60 plasma levels, determined by the anthrone method, were undetectable after 4 weeks. The elimination of HES from the blood, determined by an immunological technique and by the anthrone method, had a very protracted course. Two weeks after infusion the HES plasma concentrations were 9% of the initial value and after 17 weeks they were still above the l% level. The prolonged intravascular persistence of HES in its commercially available preparation, and the possibility of tissue accumulation after repeated HES infusions were considered undesirable. The hypothesis that HES infusion causes an augmentation of serum α-amylase concentrations in man was confirmed. This effect should be borne in mind when HES solutions are given to patients in whom the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis might be considered

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127896

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An approach to explain the early metabolic disturbances induced by a moderate ischaemia on the basis of comparative biochemical investigations concerning the oxidative metabolism in the skeletal muscles, is the object of the present paper. These investigations have revealed the following findings: (i) during a slight ischaemia the skeletal muscle maintains its ability to oxidize in vitro lactate and exhibits an increased activity in oxidizing pyruvate, succinate and L-glutamate, and (ii) the stores of adenosine and ATP are depleted and an important accumulation of inorganic phosphate, accompanied by a remarkable activation of phosphatases, occurs in the ischaemic muscle, while no significant changes in the ATPase and creatine phosphokinase activities and in the amounts of AMP, ADP and creatine phosphate are detectable in this muscle.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127897

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dog kidneys were perfused for 48 h at 8–10°C with two different perfusion fluids: one fluid rich in glucose, and another in which mannitol was a substitute for glucose. Immediately after reimplantation of the perfused kidneys, contralateral nephrectomy was performed. Kidney function, estimated by serum creatinine, was the same in both groups of animals, and 2 weeks after implantation it was identical to that of dogs with a single normal kidney. In a second series of experiments the renal utilization of glucose and glycogen was studied. Although small amounts of perfusate glucose were metabolized to lactate and CO2, the results of this study indicate that the kidney is not dependent upon glucose for its metabolic needs in order to retain function during 48 h hypothermic preservati

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127898

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The basic electrical rhythm (BER) was studied in situ in the jejunum in 14 anaesthetized mongrel dogs by the mean of six monopolar electrodes. The BER frequency was measured in the intact intestine and after proximal and distal transections of the gut 5 cm apart from the electrodes. No significant differences were found between the BER frequencies recorded by each electrode, demonstrating the existence of a frequency plateau which remained after each transection. In the intact intestine the frequency in the plateau was 13.2+0.3 cpm2. After the proximal transection, this frequency dropped to 12.0+0.4 cpm (p < 0.05) and, after the distal transection, it dropped to 10.9+0.4 cpm (p < 0.05). This last frequency change shows the influence of the distal intestine on the electrical behaviour of the jejunum.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127899

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Principal glycoproteins and amino acids were determined in gastric juice obtained from Heidenhain pouches of Labrador pure-bred dogs. Secretions were stimulated by food, pentagastrin or histamine. Non-stimulated fasting secretions served as controls. All samples showed the presence of galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, fucose, glucose, mannose and sulfate. Galactose and glucosamine were found in equimolar amounts and the galactose to galactosamine ratio was 2:1. Concentrations of most carbohydrate components studied were higher in fasting than in stimulated secretions. Outputs of some of these components were lower in fasting than in stimulated secretions. Modes of stimulation used did not significantly affect the outputs of principal glycoproteins studied. Compared with human gastric secretions studied by others, using similar methods, certain differences were found particularly in the relationship between some carbohydrate components and between amino acids.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127900

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Standardized skin burn injuries were induced in 253 NMRI mice. The burned surface corresponded to 15% of the total surface of a 25-gram mouse. All animals received intraperitoneal injection of an isotonic saline solution in a dose of 20% of body weight/day for 5 days. The material was divided into three groups, i.e. group A (controls) which received no further treatment, groups B and C which, in addition, received triglycylvasopressin (a vasopressin with prolonged effect) 100 and 200 µg/kg body weight, respectively, subcutaneously twice a day. The highest survival rate was registered in group B (61%), while the controls had a survival of 36%

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127901

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study is the first attempt to apply the heat-accumulation technique for metabolic studies to the pancreas. The initial temperature rise during arterial occlusion was measured with thermocouples sutured into the pancreas of seven anaesthetized pigs. Temperature recordings were obtained during alterations of the metabolism induced by infusions of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and sodium cyanide (NaCN) into the pancreatic head. DNP 2.0 mg/min almost doubled, and NaCN 0.6 mg/min reduced the heat accumulation rate to one half of control. In four pigs the metabolism was estimated by measurements of oxygen consumption in an isolated in situ preparation of the pancreatic head. Median metabolic rate in the unstimulated gland was 0.09 cal/cm3·min. Metabolic rate estimated by heat-accumulation technique in a similar situation was 0.11 cal/cm3·min. The method is considered useful for evaluation of relative variations of pancreatic metabolis

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127902

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000127903

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger