摘要:

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was tested for cytoprotective activity against the development of experimental acute pancreatitis in the rat induced by the closed duodenal loop technique. Sham-operated, untreated and PGE1-treated pancreatitic rats were investigated. All rats received an initial bolus of 3 ml 5% dextrose in normal saline (D5NS) via jugular catheter 30 min prior to surgery, and a continuous subcutaneous infusion of 35 ml D5NS over 24 h. Each treated rat received 10 µg/kg PGEl· in the initial bolus and a maintenance dosage of 10 µg/kg/h via the infusate. Serum amylase rose significantly in all pancreatitic rats with no significant difference between treated and untreated. Pancreatic edema was more pronounced in PGE1-treated than in untreated rats. The ischemic and autolytic damage to acinar cells and vascular endothelial cells typical of untreated pancreatitis was delayed by PGE1. Mortality rates were unaffected by PGE1

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128418

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We describe the application of a simple and reliable experimental model for studying intestinal permeability. Swedish Landrace pigs were anesthetized and catheters put in the carotid artery, the external jugular vein, the proximal part of the duodenum, and the urinary bladder. A mixture of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with molecular weights ranging from 414 to 1,074 daltons was then instilled into the duodenum and the urinary recovery of different-sized PEGs determined at time intervals using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery was inversely related to molecular size; after 4 h, 13.7% of the instilled amount of PEG 414 was recovered in the urine, whereas the corresponding value for PEG 1,074 was 0.34%. The presence of bile in the duodenum increased the recoveries of all PEGs: corresponding values for PEG 414 and 1,074 were then 28.3 and 0.79%, respectively. These data indicate that (i) intestinal permeability to PEGs in the 414- to 1,074-dalton range can be studied in a quantitative, yet simple way using a pig experimental model, and (ii) the presence of bile in the duodenum considerably increases the intestinal absorption of 414- to 1,074-dalton PEGs. The possibility that bile interacts with PEGs much the same as with hydrophobic and amphiphilic compounds is discussed.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128419

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of bile acid drainage on serum cholesterol levels have been investigated in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, a unique model for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Cholestyramine medication lowered serum cholesterol concentrations with 38%, while a 33% and a 50% small bowel bypass resulted in a decrease of 56 and 48%, respectively. Cholestyramine treatment after either bypass induced a minor additional fall in serum cholesterol. Ileal bypass and ileal resection were equally effective in reducing serum cholesterol. These results indicate the necessity for further investigation into the potential of bile acid drainage as a therapy in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128420

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The role of the nerves in the hepato-duodenal ligament should be of special surgical interest, since these nerves are often injured in hepatic and biliary tract surgery. We have developed a microsurgical procedure for liver denervation. All visible nerves were resected after staining. Norepinephrine values in central liver tissue of denervated rats were only 18 % of the corresponding values in innervated liver tissue, indicating an appreciable degree of sympathetic denervation. No detectable immunoreactivity of gastrin, cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, somatostatin or enkephalin were found within resected hepatic nerves. The described denervation procedure is simple and reproducible. It can be used to obtain additional information about the nervous regulation of various liver functions.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128421

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Changes in hepatic ATP energy charge (EC = ATP + 0.5 ADP/ATP + ADP AMP) as an expression of metabolic overload and oxidative phosphorylation were studied conjointly with DNA synthesis after partial hepatectomy (PH) in the male rat. ATP and EC showed a significant decrease while mitochondrial phosphorylative activity was enhanced within 24 h. Confronted with the pattern of DNA synthesis, the above changes were clearly separated in time from the actual process of DNA synthesis. Fasting delayed the recovery of EC as well as the peak value in the rate of thymidine incorporation. Extended glucose infusion prevented the drop of ATP during the entire period of treatment and considerably reduced fat infiltration and glycogen breakdown. In these glucose-infused rats, unchanged blood sugar was associated with tendency for plasma insulin to rise and suppression of the usual posthepatectomy hyperglucagonemia. With these metabolic and hormonal changes, an important delay in the onset and modification of the whole pattern of DNA synthesis were observed. The latter process began consistently only after a late fall of ATP which followed the cessation of glucose infusion. It is suggested that changes in energy metabolism, taken as an expression of hepatocyte metabolic overload following PH, account for the early events involved in the initiation of DNA synthesis, and probably regulate hepatocyte response to systemic hepatotrophic factors.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128422

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of postoperative infusion of a hypertonic glucose solution on the blood glucose level, blood ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/β-hydroxybutyrate), and plasma alanine and proline levels were studied in 70% hepatectomized rabbits (group A) and in rabbits 70% hepatectomized and, in addition, subjected to bile duct obstruction at 12 h after hepatectomy (group B). Glucose infusion was started at the end of hepatectomy and continued for 20 h. The blood glucose level in group A remained at approximately 300 mg/’dl throughout the study; however, it reached 789 mg/dl in group B at 20 h. The blood ketone body ratio, which reflects hepatic mitochondrial redox potential, decreased from 0.90 ± 0.09 in untreated rabbits to 0.38 ± 0.05 in group A, and to 0.19 ± 0.03 in group B at 20 h. As the blood ketone body ratio decreased, plasma proline and alanine levels increased rapidly (proline, r = –0.601, p < 0.02; alanine, r = –0.640, p < 0.001). In addition, the blood ketone body ratio was positively correlated with the hepatic energy charge level [(ATP + 0.5 ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP)] (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). It is suggested that the entry of glucose and amino acids into the Krebs cycle is inhibited as the blood ketone body ratio decreases, and under such conditions the infused glucose tends to accumulate, resulting in severe hype

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128423

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using a high-fidelity recording system, simultaneous manometric measurements of the sphincter of Oddi and duodenum were performed in 6 dogs. The sphincter of Oddi was a high-pressure zone with superimposed phasic activity. The tracings were analyzed according to the distribution of the peak-to-peak contraction intervals (PPI), and a multimodal distribution was consistently found with a basal mode of 3.5 s. If not occurring at this interval, the PPI would be a multiple of this value. These findings suggest that slow-wave control activity is present in the canine sphincter of Oddi. The origin of this control is still unknown.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128424

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The intra-abdominal implantation of a gelatin capsule containing human fecal material introduces peritonitis in the rabbit. The severity of the disease and the length of survival depend on the volume of the inoculum. A 7-day survival chance varies between 45 and 92%, depending on fecal loading. All rabbits develop intra-abdominal abscesses and in the surviving animals infection persists for at least a week, allowing further study of several aspects of peritonitis.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128425

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A screening process to determine the most appropriate model for the study of cartilage growth from perichondrium obtained from the rabbit’s left tenth costal cartilage has resulted in the following observations: (1) best growth is achieved when fixation of the graft is secure and conformity to the recipient bed is complete; (2) immobilization enhances fixation, but permits fibrous tissue growth onto the graft, and (3) diminishing periods of immobilization enhance perichondrial growth, but have a deleterious effect on fixatio

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128426

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1984

数据来源: Karger