摘要:

Segmental auxiliary liver transplantation (SALT) has been carried out in 13 mongrel dogs to assess the possibility of a certain size of liver segment to accept without sequelae the total splanchnic and arterial blood normally diverted to the liver of the host. Prednisone (1 mg/daily) and azathioprine (2 mg/kg daily) were used as immunosuppression. Five dogs died during the first hours after the operation. Three because of technical failure and two of acute portal hypertension secondary to total portal and arterial blood diversion in dogs with liver segments of 195 ± 49 g as a result of overloading of the graft. The remaining 8 dogs were divided into: 4 dogs into which a liver segment (195 ± 49 g) was transplanted (group A) and 4 dogs in which a liver segment (385 ± 85 g) was used (group B). Partial portal and total arterial blood diversion in group A dogs was not associated with portal hypertension but resulted in poor function of the graft and in poor survival. In contrast, the graft in group B dogs was able to cope with both total or partial portal blood and with a normal arterial blood diversion. Infection and graft rejection prohibited long-term survival (8–28 days). Data from this study support the view that the present technique of SALT with a graft corresponding to 300–400 g in mongrel dogs of about 30 kg is a potential alternative as temporary liver support in the diseased

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128709

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We developed a rabbit model of fulminant hepatic failure by way of a two-staged total liver devascularisation procedure. For the first-stage procedure (portosystemic shunting), the clinical, biochemical and electro-encephalographic courses in 6 rabbits (group I) with an end-to-side portacaval shunt (ETS-PCS), 6 rabbits (group II) with a small-diameter side-to-side portacaval shunt (STS-PCS) and 6 rabbits (group III)with the same STS-PCS and 48 h of pretreatment with oxytetracycline were investigated and compared to 6 sham rabbits (group IV). The limited survival, the fall in clotting factors and the rapid development of hyperammonaemia with encephalopathy within 48 h in group I point to ETS-PCS-associated ischaemic liver necrosis. Group II showed improved survival, but was associated with portosystemic encephalopathy. Rabbits in group III survived portosystemic surgery without development of marked encephalopathy. In all animals of group III, the second-stage procedure (tightening of the loose ligature around the afferent hepatic vessels) could be performed, and a suitable model of fulminant hepatic failure was obtained.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128710

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of portacaval anastomosis on the biodynamics of cholesterol in male adult rats of a genetically hypercholesterolemic strain (Rico) were studied using an isotopic equilibrium method. Animals received a sucrose-rich semipurified diet. In both hypercholesterolemic rats and controls, portacaval anastomosis decreased plasma cholesterol levels (27%), liver weight (35–43%) and total cholesterol content in liver and body pools. Rico rats were characterized by (1) a high input rate of newly synthesized cholesterol (internal secretion) (25.3 ± 1.9 vs. 16.2 ± 1.5 mg/day/rat in controls) related to increased hepatic cholesterogenesis, and (2) a high rate of cholesterol transformation into bile acids, while other parameters remained unchanged. Portacaval anastomosis decreased the internal secretion of cholesterol in Rico rats (20.1 ± 2.0 mg/day/rat). Since the activity of the gut for cholesterol synthesis as shown by the fecal external secretion (cholesterol biosynthesized by the gut and directly eliminated in the gut and feces) was not modified, it is assumed that the reduction of internal secretion induced by portacaval anastomosis results from decreased hepatic cholesterogen

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128711

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Acute changes associated with anhepatic and revascularized state were analyzed in relation to mitochondrial energy metabolism in rabbits. Fifteen minutes after the induction of anhepatic state, the ketone body ratio in the arterial blood decreased markedly from 0.833 to 0.229. The ketone body concentration also decreased to 24% of the normal value. The blood ketone body ratio and concentration remained low during the next 45 min. Pyruvate and lactate levels and the pyruvate/lactate ratio in the arterial blood changed very little during the 60-min anhepatic state. In a revascularization model following a 15-min anhepatic state, the ketone body concentration rose rapidly and then declined gradually, finally attaining a constant level at 30 min. The decreased blood ketone body ratio recovered to 0.55 at 30 min, and achieved steady state thereafter. Mitochondrial phosphorylative activity and hepatic energy charge showed almost normal levels 60 min after revascularization following the 15-min anhepatic state. These results indicate that the rapid metabolic alterations associated with the anhepatic and revascularized state can be accurately determined by measuring the arterial blood ketone body ratio, and they suggest that the ketone body ratio may serve as a convenient parameter for the evaluation of liver viability in pathological states such as operative ischemia or liver transplantation.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128712

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In experiments on rats four types of ileal reservoirs were constructed and left to expand in situ. After 3 months the volumes and tissue weights of the various reservoirs were compared. The reservoir types were: two loops, isoperistaltic (type I), two loops, antiperistaltic (type II), three loops, S-shaped (type III) and ‘four loops’, double-folded U loop (Kock pouch) (type IV). There was a considerable volume increase in all types of reservoir as well as a marked increase in their tissue weight. The expansion of the reservoirs in groups III and IV was significantly greater than that in groups I and II. The difference in expansion could possibly be explained by the greater radius in three- and four-loop reservoirs compared with two-loop reservoirs if Laplace’s law is applied to this process. According to this law the tension in the wall of a tube increases with increasing r

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128713

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two different techniques of reconstruction after total gastrectomy were performed in rats: Roux-en-Y (RY) and jejunal interposition (JI). Sham-operated rats were used as controls. Sixteen weeks after surgery the animals were sacrificed. The distribution of the enteroendocrine cells in the duodenal and proximal jejunal mucosa was examined using the Grimelius silver nitrate stain. The frequency of the Grimelius-positive cells was estimated as number of cells per square millimeter of gut surface and as number of cells per transverse section of intestine. Intestinal villi height was also measured in the same duodenojejunal tracts. After gastrectomy, the JI rats showed a better weight gain than RY rats (p < 0.05). A significant difference in the distribution of intestinal argyrophil cells was seen. The bypassed duodenojejunal tracts in RY rats showed a marked reduction of the Grimelius-positive cells in comparison with JI rats and controls (p < 0.01). A reduction in the number of argyrophil cells in the proximal duodenum was also noticed in the JI rats in comparison with controls (p < 0.01). A decrease in the villi height resulted in all the gastrectomized rats (p < 0.01), but a significant decrease was also noticed in RY rats in comparison with JI (p < 0.01). Our experimental observations suggested that the exclusion of the duodenum from intestinal transit after gastrectomy caused atrophy of the gut mucosa and a marked reduction in the number of argyrophil enteroendocrine cells in the bypassed tracts.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128714

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A new test model in living pigs is presented. The model is easy to manage and, in contrast with other test models, it is unnecessary to euthanize the animals. The animals keep their value and can be slaughtered later. We advise the use of only one period of ‘pill-feeding’, because more periods will stress the animals and probably inhibit normal weight gain. We suggest this model as the method of choice in the evaluation of local ulcerogenic effects of drug substances in oral pharmaceutical forumulations. An endoscopic evaluation in vivo of the ulcerogenic effect of potassium chloride in different microencapsulated preparations, wax-matrix formulations, a liquid preparation, and a noncoated reference formulation showed one of the microencapsulated preparations to induce a significantly lesser degree of gastric mucosal damage than did all the other preparations. The gastric injury following a slow-release iron preparation and alprenolol (Aptine®) was similar to that following the slow-release and the wax-matrix preparations of potassium chloride. Potassium chloride mixture caused gastric mucosal damage to the same extent as the other commonly used preparations of potassium chloride. Potassium chloride supplement causes gastric mucosal damage, but the results from the present in vivo porcine test model suggest that the severity of the injury seems to be a matter of appropriate drug formula

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128715

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The function of the exocrine pancreas was studied in rats in which more than 50% of the glandular tissue had been resected 1 (n = 16) or 6 (n = 20) weeks before initiation of the study. Sham-operated animals served as controls (n = 15). After partial pancreatectomy, the weight and DNA content of the remaining gland increased significantly (p < 0.001), and the digestive enzymes: DNA content ratio was temporarily elevated. The glandular tissue secreted relatively less fluid, bicarbonate and digestive enzymes than in control animals, but the outputs increased significantly (p < 0.001) during the observation period. After 6 weeks, only the fluid and bicarbonate secretion was still reduced. It is concluded (a) that the pancreatic function recovers after partial resection; (b) that the enzyme output of the remaining glandular tissue decreases temporarily; (c) that the enzyme content of the gland thereby increases, and (d) that the function of the acinar cells recovers faster than that of the ductular system.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128716

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A large animal model for substitutive pancreaticosplenic composite transplantation with urinary drainage to the bladder has been developed in the pig. Transplantations were performed in 7 nontissue-typed donor-recipient combinations without immunosuppressive medication. Six recipients showed perfect graft function at least until the 5th postoperative day. Blood glucose, intravenous glucose tolerance tests and urine amylase concentrations proved to be sensitive markers of graft function. Scintigraphic follow-up examinations with 99mTc tin colloid could only record perfusion of the splenic transplantation. With this model the role of the spleen in pancreaticosplenic composite transplantations can be studied in forthcoming experiments.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128717

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Seventeen patients undergoing radical correction of Fallot’s tetrad or defects of interventricular septum were investigated. Needle biopsies from the left ventricular apex region were obtained at the 1 st min after cross-clamping of the aorta and at the end of cardiac arrest to determine adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutamate, aspartate, alanine and ammonia. The losses of ATP during clamping period were related to decrease in glutamate. The fall in ATP by more than 20% of the initial level was accompanied by a significant decrease in aspartate, an accumulation of alanine and ammonia in cardiac tissue but did not affect glutamine content. The data obtained prove the participation of specific nitrogenous compounds of human heart, and especially glutamate, in response to energy depletion during ischemi

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128718

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger