摘要:

An experimental model of heterotopic intrathoracic cardiac transplantation making possible an evaluation of graft viability and function has been studied. The technique requires only two anastomoses in the normothermic state without cardiopulmonary bypass. In this model, the ascending aorta of the recipient animal may be occluded completely, enabling an increasing preload on the graft. In case of adequate myocardial preservation of the cardiac graft, the aorta may be completely occluded and the recipient systemic circulation can be sustained by the graft. However, in case of inadequate graft myocardial function, or in case of size mismatch, the recipient heart alone contributes to the circulation. This technique appears quite useful because of its simplicity, the elimination of the need for extracorporeal circulation while allowing a functional evaluation following cardiac graft preservation.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128756

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Previous studies in rats and dogs have implicated the liver as the source of some of the factors which are responsible for its regeneration. In the present study extracts from regenerating and normal livers were infused into the portal vein of pigs after a 15% partial hepatectomy. Thymidine kinase activity was measured on the 3rd and 4th days as an index of liver regeneration. An intraportal infusion of extracts from regenerating, but not normal, livers resulted in an increased regenerative response. The response was dose-related. The stimulator substance was stable when stored at –20 °C and could be precipitated by absolute ethan

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128757

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serotonin can induce pulmonary hypertension, hypoxia and bronchoconstriction, and ketanserin has been shown to reverse these effects on various experimental models of acute respiratory failure. In the present study, the hemodynamic and gasometric effects of ketanserin were studied during acute respiratory failure induced by an air infusion at a rate of 10 ml/min in dogs. During a 60-min air infusion, 10 dogs received 4 mg of ketanserin i.v. and 10 dogs served as control. Ketanserin-treated dogs had similar pulmonary hypertension even though more significant decreases in arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance characterized the systemic effects of ketanserin. Similarly, a marked increase in hematocrit observed in control dogs (from 36.9 to 43.8%, p < 0.01) was totally prevented by ketanserin (from 40.3 to 40.4%, NS). Hypoxia was similar, although the increase in pulmonary shunt was attenuated (259 instead of 468%). Therefore, the influence of serotonin is very limited in acute respiratory failure secondary to air embolization. Serotonin might have a more important influence on the systemic than on the pulmonary vasculature in these conditions.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128758

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To clarify the effects of partial ischemia and reflow on the mitochondrial metabolism of the rat liver, the afferent vessels supplying the left lateral and left half of medial lobes were occluded and then reperfused after given time periods of ischemia (30, 60, 90 and 120 min, groups A, B, C and D, respectively). Samplings were taken at 0, 10 and 60 min after reperfusion. The energy charge levels of ischemic lobes decreased rapidly from 0.85 ± 0.01 in the sham group to 0.38 ± 0.11, 0.35 ± 0.07 and 0.34 ± 0.06 in groups B, C and D, respectively. The phosphorylative activities of mitochondria isolated from ischemic lobes decreased gradually along with the time of ischemia. The reversal of mitochondrial function and energy charge levels following reperfusion was noted in groups A and B. In nonischemic lobes, the phosphorylation rate (nmol ATP/mg/min) increased from 90 ± 6 in sham group to 125 ± 12 and 130 ± 9; 131 ± 5 and 130 ± 6; 123 ± 6 and 122 ± 17, and 138 ± 6 and 138 ± 13 at 10 and 60 min after reflow in groups A, B, C and D, respectively (p < 0.05). The energy charge level of nonischemic lobes decreased from 0.85 ± 0.01 of sham group to 0.80 ± 0.03 in group D (p < 0.05). From these results, it is concluded that the transitional zone for the reversal of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism following prolonged liver ischemia appears at around 60 min. It is suggested that there exist some mechanism(s) which lead to an enhancement of mitochondrial function in nonischemic lob

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128759

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of obstructive and non-obstructive jaundice on rat tissue culture fibroblasts have been compared. Tissue culture fibroblasts were grown in medium containing unconjugated bilirubin and medium containing conjugated bilirubin (bilirubin diglucuronide). The addition of bilirubin to the culture medium caused morphological changes in the fibroblasts and significantly decreased their rate of multiplication. The addition of bilirubin diglucuronide had no effect. As the fibroblast plays an important role in wound healing, patients with obstructive jaundice (where surgery is most frequently required) may be less likely to undergo wound failure than patients with non-obstructive jaundice.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128760

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chlormethiazole, which is derived from the thiazole moiety of thiamine, possesses sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties. This anesthetic agent was compared with ketamine in a porcine model of endotoxemia to evaluate effects on cardiovascular and pulmonary function, oxygen delivery and survival. Continuous 6-hour intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin caused pronounced pulmonary and cardiovascular derangement and decreases in oxygen delivery and pH in 13 pigs given ketamine anesthesia. Eight of thirteen pigs survived the observation period. Contrastingly, 10 pigs given chlormethiazole anesthesia and endotoxin showed a significantly attenuated response. Thus, the increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, venous admixture and extravascular lung water were significantly lower and the decreases in cardiac output, oxygen delivery and pH were significantly modified by chlormethiazole. All 10 pigs survived the observation period. Chlormethiazole may increase the clearance of endotoxin and thus ameliorate the endotoxin response. Although extrapolating from animal data requires great caution, these data may favor the use of chlormethiazole in septic states requiring surgical intervention and anesthesia and as sedation in critically ill septic patients in our intensive care units.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128761

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 90% small bowel resection in 8 dogs resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in D-xylose and D-glucose absorption during the early postoperative period. The absorptive capacity of the residual gut with regard to L-alanine, however, remained unchanged. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia also occurred in time, suggesting a malabsorptive state. Control studies were performed in 8 dogs with small bowel transections. The results suggest that a high protein diet might be of benefit during the early postoperative period after massive small bowel resection.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128762

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Chemiluminescence activity of granulocytes in phagocytosis of zymosan and Escherichia coli and their responses to chemoattractant N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) were evaluated in 13 major blunt trauma patients (Injury Severity Score 31 ± 6) and their plasma fibronectin concentrations were measured. Chemiluminescence responses to zymosan and E. coli were at control levels immediately after injury and a week thereafter, but responses to FMLP were increased compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Plasma fibronectin concentrations were depressed on the day after trauma (p < 0.001) but increased to control values over 1 week. The changes had no correlation with the patients’ recove

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128763

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The histology of regenerated ectopically implanted spleen (splenotic tissue) from splenectomized rats was compared with that of normal rat spleen. Computer-assisted morphometric analysis revealed significant decreases in both the number and area of splenic nodules in splenotic tissue when compared with normal spleen. It is suggested that the reduction in the amount of white pulp present could explain at least in part the reduced ability of splenotic tissue to deal with infection.

ISSN:0014-312X    

DOI:10.1159/000128764

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1988

数据来源: Karger