摘要:

SummaryUpper Lupande Game Management area in Luangwa Valley, Zambia currently supports good populations of sixteen large and medium‐sized herbivores. Impala was the most abundant constituting 34% of the total population estimates, followed by buffalo (19%), zebra (12%), wildebeest (10%), warthog (8%), elephant (6%) and hippopotamus (3%). Other species made up the remaining 8%. The survey zone contained a herbivore biomass of 10,796.18 times 103kg. Elephants contributed 50.2% and buffalo 25.1% of the total herbivore biomass of the area. The estimated maximum sustainable off‐take potential in Upper Lupande was 1110.14 times 103kg per annum. The distribution of most of the species studied suggested favourable recruitment status. There were species‐specific distribution patterns and densities in the survey

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00990.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryInformation on condition, growth and reproduction was collected from a sample of 155 female lechwe in the Linyanti Swamp, northern Botswana. Condition varied significantly with age, reproductive state and season and indications were found of relationships between body mass and the attainment of puberty in young females and body mass and the fertility of adult females. There were also indications that the population was under nutritional stress because of high water levels and that this had caused reductions in the growth rate and fertility of young females.It is suggested that the sensitivity of young females to adverse environmental conditions could be exploited to optimize population monitoring for conservation purposes by using them as an indicator class, rather than monitoring the entire population. Because of relationships between condition, growth and reproduction, it is also suggested that long‐term monitoring of condition should form part of any effort to understand population dynamic

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00991.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe phenologyof Acacia albidatrees was studied over eight years in Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe. Leaf flush occurred towards the end of the rains. It was followed by flowering, with ripe fruit‐fall in the late dry season. Leaf‐fall occurred early in the following wet season. After seasons of low rainfall, trees were severely defoliated by caterpillars soon after leaf flush and this prompted a second flush of leaves. In these years there were also two periods of flowering and fruit production. During dry years, the proportion of trees which failed to set fruits after flowering increased, fruit production by those trees which did bear fruit was reduced and fruit‐fall started earlier in the

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00992.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper presents preliminary evidence that kleptoparasitism by spotted hyaenas may influence optimal hunting group size of lions. In the absence of adult male lions, hyaenas can drive female and subadult lions off their kills provided they outnumber the lions by a factor of four. Hence the larger the group of lions on the kill, the greater their chance of defending their food against invading hyaenas. At Savuti, where there was a shortage of adult male lions, the groups of female and subadult lions lost almost 20% of their food to hyaenas. Losses were most frequent for those living in small groups. These lions were often satiated by the time the hyaenas acquired the kill, so the hyaenas did not cause immediate need, yet constituted a constant energy drain on lions by forcing them to hunt more frequently. The implications of these observations for modelling optimal hunting group size of lions are discussed.

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00993.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryZoletil (CI‐744) proved to be a useful drug combination for lions during 64 immobilizations. The duration of Zoletil immobilizations were dosage dependent, but the onset of immobilization was similar for both low and high dosages. These characteristics were pragmatic in that low dosages of Zoletil were used for the initial dose, which was delivered by dart‐syringe. This practice facilitated either a short duration of immobility, or the possibility of adding an additional dose by hand, which prevented the loss of large amounts of Zoletil in the case of a dart failure. Ketamine and xylazine were used on 120 lions at dosages of 7.5 and 3.5mgkg‐l, respectively, and antagonized with 3.9mg kg‐1Tolazoline. Disadvantages of the ketamine/xylazine combination were the inability to use lower dosages for short periods of immobilization and the large volumes required. Midazolam served as a practical drug for the capture of retiring and unapproachable lions, and significantly increased trapping success. Additional notes are presented on the use of Ro 15–3505 as an antagonist for Zoletil immobilization

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00994.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn examination of 191 faecal samples fromPapio cynocephalus ursinusfrom Mkuzi Game Reserve, Natal, South Africa, has revealed low prevalence rates for a high diversity of gastro‐intestinal helminths. This high diversity, including the first evidence for an acanthocephalan infection in South African baboons, is compared to that from montane baboons studied previousl

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00995.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe morphogenesis of the foetal membranes of the African cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus, Temminck) was studied and compared with that of the caviomorphs from South America. Like the guinea pig and chinchilla, implantation in the cane rat is interstitial, amniogenesis is by cavitation, there is very early and complete inversion of yolk sac endoderm, there is a well‐developed subplacenta which persists throughout gestation, and the interhaemal membrane is haemomonochorial in nature. The phylogenetic significance of these findings are discussed in the light of long geographical and temporal separation between the continent

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00996.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00997.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00998.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Nature Reserves: island theory and conservation practice by Craig L. Shafer.Guide to the Birds of Madagascar by Olivier Langrand.Shorter noticesDemocratising Development: the role of voluntary organisations by J. Clark.History of Life by R. Cowen.Behavioural Ecology. An evolutionary approach ed. by J. R. Krebs&N. B. Davies.Colyer's Variations and Diseases of the Teeth of Animals ed. by A. E. W. Miles&C. Grieson.

ISSN:0141-6707    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb00999.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY