摘要:

A sample of lignite from Elbistan was oxidized by nitric acid in two stages, using relatively dilute acid in the first stage and concentrated acid in the second stage, and then the oxidized product was ammoniated so that a coal-based fertilizer could be produced. The experiments of all the stages were designed by a 1/2 X full factorial design. It was observed that base exchange capacity and nitrogen content of coal-based fertilizers produced in this work were as good as or better than those obtained by other investigators.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318308908078

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Injection of plain or modified water is one of the methods used to enhance the recovery of oil. A prior knowledge of the effects of injection fluids on the reservoir rock minerals and interstitial fluids is essential for designing a proper enhanced recovery program. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) can be used to evaluate qualitatively the physicochemical changes that are taking place during waterflooding. Studies have been carried out by the writers on cores from an oil field situated in Gujarat State, India. This sandstone reservoir has medium-viscosity crude oil, with favorable acid number, low concentration of Ca⊃++ ⊃ and Mg⊃++ ⊃ cations in formation water, small quantity of water-sensitive clays, and relatively poorly cemented fines. Plain water (economy considerations), polymer solutions (for mobility control), and dilute caustic solutions (for improving displacement efficiency and for mobility control) were used as injection fluids in a large number of laboratory experiments in order to select the optimum parameters, such as concentration and slug size.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318308908079

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Gases that are evolved, as eastern oil shale is heat- ed from 150°C to 900°C, have been monitored by mass spectrometry. Profiles of gas evolution as a function of retort temperature are reported for CO2, CO, Ch4H8C3HS, and H2S.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318308908080

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hydrocarbon-type fractions (saturates, aromatics, polynuclear aromatics, and polar compounds) from heavy crude oils and synthetic fuels were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on chromarods, using an Iatroscan TH-10 analyzer. The best results were obtained on a silica gel chromarod when n-hexane, 10 percent benzene in n-hexane, and 5 percent ethyl acetate in benzene were used as developing solvent. A complete analysis of six samples takes 60 min and requires only 60 mg of sample. Separation was applied to pure hydrocarbon mixtures as well as hydrocarbon-type concentrates isolated from Athabasca bitumen by liquid chromatography. The method is applicable to middle distillates, b.p. 200 to 35O°C, as well as to deasphaltened fractions (malthenes) boiling higher than 350°C Seven samples of malthenes (pentane-solubles) were analyzed by this method.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318308908081

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A rapid method for the determination of asphaltene content in bitumens, heavy oils, and distillation residues using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and colorimetry is described. The method determines the weight percent of asphaltenes defined as the portion that is insoluble in n-paraffinic solvents and soluble in toluene. It is applicable to all light and heavy oils, bitumens, and petroleum distillation residues (pitches).

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318308908082

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318308908083

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318308928521

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318308928522

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318308928524

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908318308928525

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1983

数据来源: Taylor