摘要:

Four formulae have been developed for estimating the higher heating values of fuels from different lignocellulosics from their ultimate analysis data. In order to obtain these formulae, 25 samples from different sources were analyzed to calculate calorific values by using ultimate analysis data. The mean differences between observed and calculated calorific values using the formulae developed range from −0.54% to 0.26%.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319708908888

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An attempt is made to forecast electric load using neural networks. Neural networks represent a pattern or load shape and, in reality, perform a pattern recognition function. This pattern is based on training cases provided to the network. A strategy that uses a minimum distance measurement to identify the appropriate historical patterns of load and temperature readings is used to estimate the network weights. Most of the electrical power systems in India exhibit energy shortages. An optimization algorithm is used to periodically revise the forecasted load demand and the generating capacities to determine the electrical deficit.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319708908889

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new approach for the determination of stability of crude oil emulsion is described. A strong correlation has been established between surface film pressure and stability of emulsions. It has been shown that stability of emulsion is directly proportional to film pressure. It has been concluded that prior to demulsification, the study of physical characteristics of the film-forming material can be very useful in selection of suitable demulsifiers in resolving oil field emulsions in petroleum industries.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319708908890

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this article a mathematical programming model is developed for energy system design in remote areas. The energy system considered has two or three basic components: a photovoltaic unit, a diesel generator unit, and a battery storage unit. The objective of the mathematical programming model is to determine the optimal capacities of the system components that will minimize the overall cost while satisfying anticipated energy demand. Numerical examples with realistic system data are provided to illustrate the usefulness of the model developed.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319708908891

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Wind power is today a mature technology, which at windy locations, is economically competitive to conventional power generation technologies. This and growing global environmental concerns have led governments to encourage and plan for wind energy development, a typical aim being 10% of electricity consumption. The successful operation of the three major power systems of Cape Verde, with a total wind energy penetration of about 15% since December 1994, demonstrates that power systems can be operated with high penetration of wind energy by adding simple control and monitoring systems only. Thorough analyses conclude that expanding to even above 15% wind energy penetration in the Cape Verde power systems is economical Worldwide, numerous locations with favorable wind conditions and power systems similar to the Capeverdean provide good opportunities for installing wind farms and achieving high wind energy penetration.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319708908892

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Financial analysis and evaluation of various resource-technology combinations for rural domestic lighting is undertaken. The options include kerosene lamps, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and biogas lamps, solar photovoltaic lighting systems, and electric lamps. The figures of merit considered for financial comparison are the cost per hour of lighting and the cost per unit of useful energy for lighting. Sensitivity of these figures of merit to the uncertainties in the values of some of the input variables has also been studied.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319708908893

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A feasible process has been developed to recover precious inorganic solids (energetic and metallic fuel) from the obsolete pofyurethane-based propellants in order to solve their associated long-term disposal problems. In the staged process, two major tasks have been accomplished. One was the successful separation of the three major components, energetics, metallic fuel, and polymer, by cleaving the polyurethane binders of the three-dimensional network; the other was the complete degradation of the high molecular weight polymers into simple phenolic compounds. The preliminary results indicate that the techniques of matrix modification, ultrasonic degradation, and biodegradation are, to various degrees, effective in handling polyurethane-based propellants in an environmentally safe and stable manner. In addition to its unparalleled technical precedence, it is believed that this process will provide an economical solution to a global environmental problem and can be put into actual industrial use.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319708908894

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To the present day, biomass has not been considered as an energy source for Poland, and over 95% of energy is generated through fossil fuel combustion. However, it is necessary to search for new energy sources because of high prices of traditional energy carriers and massive environmental pollution caused by these fuels. Biomass seems to be one of the best renewable energy sources. Basic components of biomass in Poland and estimations of energetic resources of biomass are presented.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319708908895

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Middle East crude oils, tar balls, and marine and fresh waters were analyzed, and V, Ni, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn were determined. Marine water samples have V, Ni, Mg, Cu, and Fe at 1900, 1600, 1.2, 110, and 112 times the natural levels, respectively. On the other hand, freshwater samples have V, Ni, Mg, and Fe at 10, 11, 2, and 13.7 times the natural levels, respectively. There is no Zn pollution in either the marine or fresh water, while the Nile River has no Cu pollution. Crude oils have contents 1.3, 1.1, and 5 times the natural levels for V, Ni, and Fe, respectively. Tar balls have Mg and Cu at 15 and 2 times the natural levels. Generally, V/Ni, V/Mg, and (V/Ni + Mg) indices calculated for marine and fresh waters have identical values (<1), while higher values were obtained for tar and crude oils. These data, especially for water samples, may reflect a progressive contamination of oil during tanker loading operations, fuel oils, and waste discharge in the studied area. Also these data may serve as a guide for detecting anomalies to human-made pollution.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319708908896

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The analysis in this article examines the impact of reducing the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on the U.S. economy. The analytical approach used consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of 14 producing sectors, 14 consuming sectors, 6 household categories classified by income, and a government. The effects are examined of a 4.3 cents per gallon reduction in the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on prices and quantities. The results suggest, for example, a decrease in the tax would result in higher output by the producing sectors (by about $2.86 billion), an expansion in the consumption of goods and services (by about $3.48 billion), and an increase in welfare (by about $3.59 billion). The government would realize a decrease in revenue of about $2.37 billion. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution elasticities.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908319708908897

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor