摘要:

The current domestic energy shortage has resulted in a number of evaluations of technologies which might provide clean fuels from coal in an early time frame. The production of methanol from coal holds unique potential as a means of using a technology which is commercially available for producing a versatile fuel that can be used in automobiles, electric power plants, gas turbines, and fuel cells, A methanol-from-coal process involves gasification of coal to produce synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen), followed by catalytic conversion to produce methanol. Gasification and methanol conversion technologies are reviewed and the integration of the two systems is discussed. The possible uses of methanol fuel are also discussed. Economic analyses from a number of sources (using 1973 dollars) indicate that at a 12% discounted cash flow rate methanol could be produced for between $0·13 and $0·20/gal ( $2·02 and $3·08/million Btu), depending on coal cost, gasification and methanol conversion scheme, location of plant, and other factors.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317508945951

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An effective energy storage system can be used in a variety of ways to improve the utility factor of electric generating plants while greatly reducing their requirement for fossil fuels. An optimum energy storage system would have the following characteristics: installed and operating costs are comparable to equipment which it replaces; design lifetime is 30–50 years; and the system is available over a size range of nearly one million to one without significant compromises in cost effectiveness. Thus such a system could have a large variety of on-site applications, from the smallest electric vehicle to the largest utility's diurnal peaking unit. The system must have size and operating characteristics that permit its being used at any desired location, whether urban, suburban, or rural. It must be capable of automatic remote control and freedom from maintenance. It must have negligible effect on local ecological conditions. It must be capable of being produced in the required quantity without creating a national shortage of strategic materials. It must be available to industry within five years. A modern flywheel made of anisotropic materials appears to be capable of satisfying these requirements better than any energy storage concept currently being considered.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317508945952

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In an energy plantation, growing plants collect and store solar radiation for subsequent release as high-temperature heat. The plant material can be burned as solid fuel or converted into methane by an anaerobic biological process. Certain plant species and production practices are preferred for maximizing sustained solar energy storage capacity of energy plantations. Solid fuel from energy plantations will be less expensive throughout the nation than fuel oil and will be competitive with coal in northeastern states. Synthetic natural gas produced from energy plantations will be competitive with that produced from coal. All the required technology is at hand. Adequate land will be available for energy plantations on a large scale without encroachment on land needed for other purposes. Energy plantations offer many potential benefits and no serious drawbacks for our country.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317508945953

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The United States needs a national commitment to become completely energy self-sufficient before 1990. A “Manhattan Project”for food and fuel will meet the 1990 target date. In 1942 the Manhattan Project consisted of four adequately funded projects for the use of fission atomic energy. In 1975 there are three proposals for the use of fusion atomic energy, but only one has been funded in the Manhattan Project manner. If the 1990 target date is to be met, all viable fusion atomic energy proposals must be funded in this manner.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317508945954

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Estimates of the energy balance for the first underground coal-gasification experiment at Hanna, Wyoming, have been calculated for a 5 1/2-month period from mid-September 1973 through February 1974. Operating results were the most favorable during this period, with dry gas production rates averaging 1·6 million scf/day (45,300 Nm /day) at an average gas heating value of 126 Btu/scf (1122 kcal/Nm3). The ratio of energy produced to energy consumed in running the experiment was approximately 4, and the overall efficiency was approximately 50%. Use of more efficient air compression equipment and of a system designed for combustion of low-Btu gas could increase this ratio to 8 and efficiency to 55%.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317508945955

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The shrinking of energy supplies from traditional resources makes it imperative that all practical energy resources be developed to meet the energy demands of this country. Recovery of oil from domestic tar sands is being investigated for this purpose, and is part of the Laramie Energy Research Center's research program on unconventional energy resources. Results of laboratory experiments are discussed which indicate applicability of the reverse combustion process for in situ oil recovery from tar sands. Some characteristics of Utah tar sands as determined from core analysis are described. The design is described for a field experiment to evaluate application of reverse combustion for in situ oil recovery from tar sand in the Northwest Asphalt Ridge deposit in Utah.

ISSN:0090-8312    

DOI:10.1080/00908317508945956

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1975

数据来源: Taylor